US in the Middle East

When should the State become involved in family life Essay

When should the State become engaged with family life - Essay Example planned for recognizing and securing youngsters at risk.4 It is along these lines acknowledged and comprehended that states ought to have the position to intercede for the insurance of kids who are helpless against disregard and misuse. This paper investigations the present condition of law, strategies and practices that address a general support for state mediation in family life for the security of youngsters. In such manner, this exploration study is isolated into two sections. The initial segment of this investigation recognizes the state specialists that are approved to intercede in family life for the security of kids. The second piece of this paper investigations the laws, practices and approaches empowering state mediation by means of state specialists. ... The government assistance state by suggestion serves the aggregate needs of all and simultaneously gives virtual self-sufficiency on the state over its residents. Neoliberalism takes the position that social administrations are an integral part of the free and open market economy. It is by and large assumed that the state bears some duty regarding addressing social needs while simultaneously perceiving that people are allowed to deal with themselves and their families. So as to accomplish social equity, social majority rules system orders that the state execute measures and arrangements for advancing and implementing social justice.7 Pursuant to neoliberal hypothesis and ideas of social vote based system, the state builds rules recommending how the state and its different specialists capacity to accomplish social equity. In light of a legitimate concern for accomplishing social equity, states may hold for themselves some proportion of coercive position which allows the state to precl ude some conduct with respect to its residents. States in neoliberal settings react to the requests of social equity by watching society, social organizations and actualize or adjust open strategies that are predictable with their observations.8 in such manner, social equity as for youngsters in the UK was initially educated by the demise of Maria Colwell which was brought about by her stepfather while under the oversight of social administrations in 1973. Throughout the most recent 15 years, there have been various prominent requests about the adequacy of social administrations and hence the state in recognizing and shielding youngsters from kid misuse and disregard. While the vast majority of the prominent requests include the disappointment of the state by means of its social administrations operators to

Cognitive Distortions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Cognitive Distortions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Symptoms Print Cognitive Distortions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder By William Meek Updated on August 16, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Peter Cade/The Image Bank/Getty Images Cognitive distortions are systematic ways that people twist and distort information from the environment. These biases often reinforce negative thought patterns and can lead to increased anxiety and difficulty managing everyday stress. Most people use at least of few of these regularly, and they are a chief focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The following is a list of the original distortions with an example related to GAD. Ideally, one could use this list as a way to identify his/her own cognitive distortions and challenge them by considering more realistic and rational information. Common Cognitive Distortions? Catastrophizing: taking an event you are concerned about and blowing it out of proportion to the point of becoming fearful. Example: Believing that if you fail a quiz then the teacher will completely lose respect for you, that you will not graduate from college, that you will therefore never get a well-paying job, and will ultimately end up unhappy and dissatisfied with life.? Arbitrary Inference: making a judgment with no supporting information. Example: Believing that someone does not like you without any actual information to support that belief.? Personalization: when a person attributes an external event to himself when there is actually no causal relationship. Example: If a checkout clerk is rude to you and you believe that you must have done something to cause it when there is a more plausible explanation for the person’s behavior.? Selective Abstraction: when a person makes a judgment based on some information but disregards other information. Example: Someone attends a party and afterward focuses on the one awkward look directed her way and ignores the hours of smiles.? Overgeneralization: making a board rule based on a few limited occurrences. Example: Believing that if one public speaking event went badly that all of them will.?? Dichotomous Thinking: categorizing things into one of two extremes. Example: Believing that people are either excellent in social situations or terrible, without recognizing the large gray area in-between. Labeling: attaching a label to yourself after a negative experience Example: Feeling awkward at a party leads to the conclusion: “I’m an awkward person.”

Music Should Be Mandatory Public Schools - 1173 Words

Music is so important to our lives, this is why music should be mandatory in our public schools. Music has an influence on all of us, unless you’re deaf. This is one of the many reasons why we should have a basic knowledge on how to use music. Learning how to use music opens so many doors to us. We can use music to make peace or war and everything in between. So, why wouldn’t we teach our children the importance of music in our lives? There is a plethora of ways that music affects us. Music has an effect on our emotions. When we listen to songs being played we can feel the emotion be portrayed in the music. Psychologists have seen that this is true to us, but have not completely came to a conclusion as to why. In tests to see if ordinary listeners could discern the musical emotion in songs, â€Å"moreover, and more generally, we were struck by the systematicity and reliability of the judgment data collected with ordinary listeners. Emotional judgments exhibit a high degree of consistency, suggesting that perception of emotions in music is natural and effortless for the large majority of listeners† (Juslin, Sloboda , 114). This then can conclude that brains are designed to find the emotions in music. When we are presented a certain emotion we tend to mimic that emotion. It is that natural empathy that we have hardwired into our brains. Depending on the different components of the music, we can discern what kind of emotion that the music is portraying. For example, in musicShow MoreRelatedArts Classes Should Be Mandatory for Schools.863 Words   |  4 Pagesthey are drawing or doing some sort of art they are not told that it is a â€Å"bad picture† or what ever they are doing is â€Å"not right.† They don’t have a limit upon their thoughts and ideas, but when they grow up, they do. Starting from the first day of school they are taught about the wrong things and the right thing. As we grow older there are more classes that have right and wrong answers to a question like for example math. We learn to follow the steps, use the formula, and get the right answer butRead MoreSexual Education in Public Schools760 Words   |  3 Pages  The public schools system offers sexual education or sex ed to all students, and offer parents the option to exclude their children from these class rooms.  Discus sions to making these classes mandatory has drawn some positive supports and negative supports in the forum disputes of sex education topic.  Due to the high number of teen pregnancies (As of 2012, the teen birth rate was 29 births per 1,000 teen girls (age 15-19), and there were 305,388 births to teen girls), Sex education should be madeRead MoreGrasping Time: the Importance of Time Management for the Adult Student1263 Words   |  6 PagesGrasping Time: The Importance of Time Management for the Adult Student Richard Glazer COLL100 Foundations of Online Learning American Public University Daniel Green Grasping Time: The Importance of Time Management for the Adult Student Adults in ever increasing numbers have returned to school. Reasons for returning vary but regardless, adult students are an increasing presence in the classroom. While adults have the experience and wisdom over the younger students, adults areRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Mandatory?1280 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my time in school I was consistently filled with anxiety over looking my best, and I am sure many other people (girls especially) felt this from middle school through high school. The solution is uniforms! In schools where uniforms are not mandatory, the stress of â€Å"keeping up with the Jones† can create a lot of differences and struggles for students. Having mandatory uniforms in schools would create a safer and more welcoming environment for students, limit their stress, and lets themRead MorePhysical Education For A School Setting1286 Words   |  6 Pageseducation being mandatory in a school setting is a very controversial issue in our world today. Many general education teachers think it is a waste of time, students are not learning, and/or more attention should be focused strictly on classroom studies and schoolwork. Therefore, the number one question is, should physical education in a school setting be mandatory? A debate between two high school students was divided equally. Mara Cobb, a senior from Kentucky, describes, in a typical school settingRead MoreThe Legacy of NWA Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pagesa new way. Born and raised in Finland, Europe, and this album that I got from a friend, woke me up. I think it should be mandatory for all the people in Europe to listen to this album. This album is revolutionary, just like all the best art has always been; revealing the truth.†(Post 2) This portrays the true purpose of this page, to bring together different races and age group with music while showing appreciate to the group that brought light to an important issue. From her comment one can onlyRead MoreS tandardized Testing Is Not Beneficial1702 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized Testing In the world today standardized testing is mandatory in all schools whether they are public or private. If schools continue to make these test mandatory, students grades will show the reflection of what they are not learning. The school might also receive less state funding due to poor performance on these tests. Once No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced US students slipped from 18th in the world in math in 2000 to 31st in 2009 (Standardized). Standardized testingRead More Problems with Education Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesall people all over the world. What we learn, not just in the classroom, shapes who we are. We take our education everywhere we go. We use it when talking to our buddies about sports or music, we use it while solving a math problem, we use our education while debating with our family whether or not we should watch TV or go to the movies. Our education is the foundation of who we are, since every decision we make and every thought we think is dependent on what we know. Imagine how different theRead MoreArt Is A Nation s Most Precious Heritage922 Words   |  4 Pagesof museums, the artists of old have impacted a large number of the cultures of the world. If we were to remove teaching the arts from middle and high schools, we would foolishly prevent students from exploring the creative side of learning and as a result, we would see a detrimental decrease in artistic creations. Instead of removing arts from schools, we need to maintain and even add more opportunities for students to use the right portion of their brains by teaching classes that encourage studentsRead MoreQuality Of Teaching : The United States1409 Words   |  6 Pagesshowed me that the United States has low quality education because of low quality of teaching. I believe that the United States has a great need to improve its teaching because education is to be valued highly in this country. When the kids go to school, The quality of their teachers is the most important factor for how well the kids learn. Having good teachers is important for all kids, especially kids who are falling behind. Eric Hanushek, an economist at Stanford, shows that those who are taught

Accounting Equation Paper Free Essays

The accounting equation which we know as Assets equals to Liabilities plus Equity for a sole proprietorship and for a corporation we know it as Assets equals to liabilities plus stockholders equity. Assets are company owned, liabilities are what company owes and the difference between the both of them is the owner’s equity, these three things are what the companies are measured by in the financial field. In order to understand them more clearly and how the accounting equation shows a simple way of understanding the three amounts relating to one and another, which are the assets that include cash, account receivable, equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Equation Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then the liabilities include notes payable, accounts payable and salaries payable. Finally, owner’s and stockholder’s equity includes common stock and retained earnings. The accounting balance sheet is one of the biggest financial statements used by accountants and business owners, these are income statements, cash flow statements, and stockholders equity statements. Balance sheet allows the creditor to see what a company owns as well as what he owes. These are very important things for someone to know for potential investors and others. So as we know, the balance sheet reflects the accounting equation, it shows the reports of company’s assets, liabilities, and owner’s and stockholders’ equity. If a company keeps their records up to date and accurate, the accounting equation will always be in balance, showing that the left side should always equal to the right side. This keeps the balance sheet balanced since all assets are financed either by equity or liabilities and also the accounting equation serves as the basis for the balance sheet. The balance sheet shows that the assets are on the debit side and liabilities and equity are on the credit side, so the accounting equation formulates in a way where the total debits should always equal the total credits. Every accounting equation has its effects on the accounting equation, because every transaction alters the components presented in the equation, in a way that the equation is satisfied after each modification. How to cite Accounting Equation Paper, Papers

The United States from 1920

Introduction In 1920s, a wave of socioeconomic transformation was evident in America. The advancement in social history during this time remains notable. American political history has continuously changed over years. Such changes have occurred due to varying government policies. For instance, the democrats dominated the authority from 1800 to 1860.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United States from 1920-1945 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is evident that the concerned trends shifted in 1860s. This period marked the rule of Lincoln. In the successive period, GOP ruled the nation. This was predominant up to 1932. Their vote out and consequent lose of power in 1932 was due to the â€Å"Great Depression.† The voters widely blamed them for the creation of the great depression. The consequent periods of 1932 to 1980 was largely dominated by the Democrats. However, this pattern shifted to the Republican . From the 1980, with Reagan as the president, the GOP assumed authority. This is a critical provision when considered historically. It is evident that there were several changes in America’s sociopolitical and economic spheres during these periods. This paper discusses some of the eminent socioeconomic as well as political transformations that occurred in the U.S. from 1920-1945. The 1920’s Boom and Bust This period indicates the time when the Republicans were in authority. Up to 1932, Republicans dominated the entire US with policies that potentially favored capitalists. During this time, there were several nicknames that arose. For instance, â€Å"Roaring Twenties† has been used for several years. Basically, it expresses excitement and transformations within social structures that transpired during the period. There were several adjustments that occurred during this period. These were notable within the social settings, the economy and the political spheres. The lives of most Americans were greatly affected by the policies that Republican authority used in managing the economy. Notably, the boom in the American economy during this period had potential implications. For instance, it led to the increase in wages for many citizens. Observably, there was also a general fall in the prices for basic commodities. The ultimate result was a general rise in the living standards. There were high trends notable on the living standards. Apart from this, a dramatic rise in the level of consumer consumption was also realized within the entire economy. In this period, the issue of femininity also gained momentum. The labor-saving domestic appliances did not significantly transform the lives of many women. They also had limited voting rights. However, the youthful American women began transforming their lifestyle. They changed their dressing patterns, perceptions and also acted in a strange manner. Most traditional parents remained shocked at this drama tic change. It is imperative to indicate the potential role of the general mass media in motivating these changes during this period.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mass media during this time mainly comprised of the radio as well as the motion pictures. Indicatively, manufacturers invested approximately $5.3 billion yearly. There was a significant rise in the physical capital for each employee during this time. Generally, it is notable that the Republican government had a significant role in creating and propagating the boom and bust of 1920s. The Great Depression The Great Depression remains one of the historical hard economic periods in US. The great crash was not a direct cause of the depression during the 1930’s. However, it exacerbated the effects on the lives of typical Americans. Analytically viewed, the Great Depression emerged as a result of the potential flaw and contradictions that was eminent in the global economy. During this period, the middle class households lost savings. Astonishingly, most previously vibrant commercial banks became bankrupt and closed their operations abruptly. Most typical American citizens died and lost huge savings. Furthermore, they suffered considerable psychological pain and torture. Due to the prevailing economic contraction, several organizations downsized their production and human resources. Consequently many citizens were thrown out from employment, their salaries were trimmed and most of them retired without any benefits. Most individuals who serviced mortgages lost their residential, homes as well as their farming lands. Foreclosures led to bank failures. As citizens downsized on their consumption, there were increased negative impacts. For instance, farmers and other corporations produced less. Notably, in the close of 1930, the condition completely engulfed the entire country. There was no going to be a positive change up to 1940. This was after the general economic state was reinstated back into maximum potential. This was catapulted by the emergence of the Europe battle. This marked the most severe economic downfall in the history of the United States. In addition, the Great Depression was also a highly grating mental and ethical experience that most American citizens had never faced. This was apart from their Civil War. Not less than 50 per cent of all citizens were jobless. Observably, an approximate of 90 per cent remained underemployed. Homelessness and shantytowns were common within all states. The political impacts of the Great Depression are largely notable. For instance, it led to the termination of the long Republican rule during that time. A majority of the US citizens largely attributed the economic failures to the poor policies that were developed by the Republican authorities. Therefore, a historic election in the subsequent years led to the entrance of the Democra t FDR in authority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United States from 1920-1945 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More FDR’s New Deal Policies Political consequences of the Great Depression endorsed Democrat FDR into rule. This new entrant was remarkable, with the development of fresh policies. Observably, by the 1937, the extent of the depression became more deep and intricate. The occurrence of extensive disasters during 1936 and 1937 within regions such as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas aggravated the already severe depression impacts. The factories did not realize any sale or revenues from their merchandise. The entrance of FDR brought some considerable hopes for the American folk. Roosevelt’s wife ensured the appointment of many females within high government cadres. She also echoed the sentiments behind organized labor and paid interest to the grievances of the Blacks. Many laws were also passed. However, the failure of the country’s financial system was a big worry. Freezing of the gold price was evident. The â€Å"New Deal† tried to stop farmers’ dispossession through formation and foundation of the â€Å"Farm Credit Administration.† Additionally, â€Å"the Federal Emergency Relief Administration† became founded. A relief program within all the states was started forthwith to help support the ailing poor citizens. The entrance of the FDR was marked by a period of intensive reforms and adjustments that positively influenced the economy. Employment levels also rose during this period. There was also the establishment of the â€Å"National Recovery Administration.† This was an agency charged with the responsibility to restore life within the crushed U.S. economy. In 1933, the â€Å"New Deal† as well as its other programs encountered a serious drawback. This was when the American Supreme Court directed that the ND was unconstitu tional. Farmers were given considerable attention during this period of economic revival. The greatest achievement of the FDR’s new deal was to reduce the economic privation suffered by several U.S. citizens. However, this strategy failed as a methodology for economic revival. The FDR started abandoning most of its projects. This was, particularly on the realization that unemployment trends leveled to considerably minimal percentages during the early 1937. The final outcome was another economic failure. A depression ensued again and serious revelations and lessons were discovered. The Great depression thus intensified even in the reign of the FDR rule in the United States. This is a critical provision when considered critically in various contexts. It is through American history that most chronological provisions of US emerge. The WWII The mentioned depression persisted until the start of the World War II. The demand for American goods increased tremendously during this perio d. The two incidences of the great depression together with the new deal transformed the sociopolitical landscape of the American society. Generally, enormous government expenditure resulted into the halt of the economic depression. Consequently, full employment of all citizens was attained by 1943-45.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The United State’s initial order of operation was to arrange a military system. The impacts of the processes of war during the World War II cannot be underestimated. For instance, during the progression of the Second World War, the military as well as business governance closed up together. These two factors also cooperated to eliminate labor unions from crucial instances of the federal government policy. Labor assumed a subordinate architecture and the government’s expenditure on defense significantly advanced. The increase in the level of production also had significant impacts on the economy. There was a remarkable decrease in unemployment rates within the whole country. This meant an improved life standard for the general population. This is a vital provision when considered critically in the American context. 1942 marked the period in which the full employment level was attained by the economy. Notably, West American groups benefited a lot due to the wartime finan cing received from the government. Generally, the emergence of the metal industry and merchandise was noted during this duration of World War II in America. Contracts and negotiations increased. In addition, several producers and manufacturers realized high revenues. This enhanced their capacities to effectively sustain the employment of several citizens. The large corporation benefited immensely from the numerous dealings that were eminent during the World War II. Notably, the U.S. treasury was a domineering capital source for ventures in the period of the Second World War. Generally, it is notable that the World War II was a blessing for the U.S. economy. Conclusion The period between 1920 and 1945 remain remarkable in America. This is because it marks the duration in which there was a major socioeconomic and political transformation. Historically, this period remains as one of the times when American capitalism was severely tested. The war coupled with the â€Å"no-strike policy † caused severe impacts during the period. These alterations enabled employers to draw huge profits. As a result, capitalism was propagated. The World War II still remains a timely savior from the impacts of the great depression and new deal. This essay on The United States from 1920-1945 was written and submitted by user Jax N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fuel Cells in Transportation †Engineering Essay

Fuel Cells in Transportation – Engineering Essay Free Online Research Papers Fuel Cells in Transportation Engineering Essay Is it possible to produce a limitless battery? Since the industrial revolution, a lot of people have looked for an answer to this question, but unfortunately, they have not found it yet. Fuel cell systems can be an opportunity to realize this dream. These systems which are the most significant batteries of the last years are the electrochemical energy conversion devices that convert hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity and heat in this process. Since around the beginning of the 19th century, a great number of researches have been done about these popular battery systems. Thanks to this, practical fuel cell systems are available for a wide diversity of applications today. Transportation is one of these application areas in which fuel cells can be used. Despite the fact that fuel cells have high initial cost, they provide more benefits in transportation than other fuel systems, because of their environmental advantages, engineering simplicity, and economy. First of all, zero or low emissions, lack of noise pollution, and no waste of natural resources are the environmental advantages of fuel cell technology that make it attractive. A lot of research done by different scientists supports this fact clearly. For instance, as mentioned in â€Å"Fuel Cell Basics: Benefits†, the Energy production systems which are depending on fuel burning are more harmful to Nature than fuel cells (n.d., p. 2), because burning fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel adds greenhouse gases to the earth’s atmosphere. CO2 is one of these harmful gases which cause greenhouse effect. But, fortunately, the amount of CO2 could be decreased by wide usage of fuel systems, according to source generated fuel (â€Å"Fuel Cell Buses†, n.d., p. 1). Furthermore, harmful gases production of fuel cells can be reduced to a minimum relying on the hydrogen production method (â€Å"Fuel Cell Buses†, n.d., p. 1). Also, it should certainly be said that , fuel cells prevent noise pollution. â€Å"Fuel Cell Benefits†, emphasizes that despite the fact that outer disturbances become effective when driving at high velocities, fuel cell vehicles produce less sound pollution compared to other conventional cars (n.d., p. 2). In addition to these advantageous features of fuel cell systems, fuel cells can be an opportunity to stop or reduce wasting of natural energy resources. The dependence on fossil fuels such as gasoline can be decreased by usage of Fuel Cells. This assertion is supported in the article â€Å"Hydrogen Future Drives Into Big Apple† on page 2 by claiming that using hydrogen as fuel, dramatically decreases the need of petroleum based fuels due to its renewable and limitless source opportunities (n.d). On the other hand, Rose claims that, safe and renewable energy can be obtained from fuel cells due to their effective, modular and wide source opportunity properties (2003, p. 12). Secondly, appropriate features for engines and engineering applications can be obtained with fuel cells. They exhibit high thermodynamic efficiency, simple operation variety, and high co-generation capability. â€Å"Benefits of Fuel Cells in Transportation† points out that fuel cell vehicles, not limited by Carnot Cycle, are expected to achieve energy efficiencies of 40 to 45 percent and very possibly higher (n.d., p. 1). Also, effective responses can be obtained from fuel cells due to uncomplicated reactions (â€Å"Fuel Cell Basics: Benefits†, n.d., p. 2). Furthermore, Rose highlights that, lack of productivity can be decreased to level of 13% by using fuel cells in co-generation mode (2003, p. 20). In addition, Fuel cells, having hydrogen as a source fuel, have many special features for engineering applications. For example, according to â€Å"Types of Fuel Cells†, due to having high power density, and low working temperatures, fuel cells can easily give responses to various power demands (n.d., p. 1). Another superior facility of hydrogen is its high diffusivity. Hugely reactive hydrogen’s low density gives it a high diffusivity (â€Å"Hydrogen Safety†, n.d., p. 1). What is more, fuel cells can be used to provide propulsion or auxiliary power for many transportation applications. â€Å"Fuel Cells In Use† asserts that, Programs of production of fuel cell cars, due to be exhibited from 2003 to 2006, have been planned by nearly all big auto factories (2004, p. 1). In the same article it is also told that submarines, on the other hand, have been one of these areas in which fuel cell development started early on. Also it is added that, we can apply fuel cell systems for aerospace works (â€Å"Fuel Cells In Use†, 2004, p. 1). Due to many reasons, it is easier to design a fuel cell vehicle than conventional vehicles. In other words, a strong system, more reliable features and motionless parts can be obtained easier. For example, as it stated in â€Å"Fuel Cell Technology†, there are â€Å"no transmission and distribution losses because of dispersed generation† in fuel cell vehicles (n.d., p. 2). In addition, fuel cells are 99.9999 % reliable way of converting power. (â€Å"Fuel Cell Basics: Benefits†, n.d., p. 3). Seperately, â€Å"according to Stroash, ‘conventional gasoline tanks are thin and flimsy compared with the robust hydrogen fuel tanks being developed’† (â€Å"Alternetive Fuel Tanks†, n.d., p. 1). Finally, in addition to environmental and engineering advantages fuel cells have lots of economical benefits. These advantages of fuel cells provide them to be related with various applications, especially with buses. But, it seems that the fuel cells are convenient to use in urban transit buses but certainly in time they are going to spread among vans and cars, railways and marine applications. Hà ¶rmandinger supports this claim by stating that using fuel cells are very attractive in transportation because of some characteristic properties of buses (1995, p. 38). Also as it mentioned above, due to air pollution, energy efficiency, security and global climate, cars and small vans are another part of fuel cells applications in transportation. When fuel cells are used in these types of vehicles they offer to their owner some economical benefits. For instance, fuel cells decrease the overall price of power generation thanks to having a static structure and less upkeep necessity (â₠¬Å"Fuel Cell Technology†, n.d., p. 1). And, to consist of completely motionless parts means fuel cells have low upkeep (â€Å"Benefits of Fuel Cells in Transportation†, n.d., p. 2). In addition to two modes of transportation, urban buses and cars, fuel cells have more application areas such as railways and marine applications. Hà ¶rmandinger claims that fuel cell powered trains are more useful in areas wihout electric rail network (1995, p. 72). By this feature of fuel cell, they reduce the overall cost of urban transportation, reducing the usage of electricity. On the other hand, marine aplications are expensive due to some reasons. For example, as Hà ¶rmandinger highlighted, submarines serve mainly for military, where costs are less important than that of civil purposes (1995, p. 74). However, using fuel cell provides reducing the cost of the marine applications. In conclusion, as a result of being useful for our environment, being appropriate for engines and engineering applications and having various economical advantages, compared to other fuel systems, a lot of benefits can be obtained with Fuel Cell Systems in transportation despite their initial cost problems. It is obvious that after the problem of not being affordable is solved by scientists, Fuel Cell Systems will become the most popular battery system of the world. Today, all big companies producing battery systems for different applications are working on Fuel Cell Systems being a good long-term investment for them. In addition to these works, the parliaments of governments should encourage manufacturers to produce Fuel Cells and pass useful laws about using Fuel Cell Systems in different application areas. It should not be forgotten that Fuel Cell Systems are the best solution to the problem of energy production that might be the most important problem of the world. References Alternative fuel tanks. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from llnl.gov/ str/News900.html Benefits of fuel cells in transportation. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from fuelcells.org/basics/benefits_transp.html Fuel cell basics: Benefits. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from fuelcells.org/basics/benefits.html Fuel cell buses. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from navc.org/benefits.html Fuel cells in use. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from U.S. Department of Energy Web site: eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/ education/fc_use.html Fuel cell technology. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from fuelcellmarkets.com/article_flat.fcm?articleid=219subsite=720 Fuel cell vehicles: Benefits. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_benefits.shtml Hydrogen future drives into the big apple. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from gm.com/company/gmability/adv_tech/100_news/shell_012705.html Hydrogen safety. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from gexcon.com/ index.php?src=research/hydrogen/hydrogen.html Hà ¶rmandinger, G. (1995). Fuel cells in transportation. Retrieved November 23, 2005, from iccept.ic.ac.uk/pdfs/hoermandinger.pdf Rose, R. (2003). The Path Forward. Retrieved November 23, 2005, from http://193.145.15.40/queesmadrimasd/Pricit/PlanNet/comun/includes/download.asp?IdDoc=1394 Types of fuel cells. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from fuelcells.org/ basics/types.html Where will fuel cells be used? (n.d.). Retrieved November 23, 2005, from http://fuelcellworld.org/article_flat.fcm?articleid=74subsite=1172 Research Papers on Fuel Cells in Transportation - Engineering EssayGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and