The Components of an Intriguing Biography

A biography is a story of a persons life, written by another author. The writer of a biography is called a biographer while the person written about is known as the subject or biographee. Biographies usually take the form of a narrative, proceeding chronologically through the stages of a persons life. American author  Cynthia Ozick notes in her essay Justice (Again) to Edith Wharton that a good biography is like a novel, wherein it believes in the idea of a life as a triumphal or tragic story with a shape, a story that begins at birth, moves on to a middle part, and ends with the death of the protagonist. A biographical essay is a comparatively short work of nonfiction  about certain aspects of a persons life. By necessity, this  sort of essay  is much  more selective than a full-length biography, usually focusing only on key experiences and events in the subjects  life. Between History and Fiction Perhaps because of this novel-like form, biographies fit squarely between written history and fiction, wherein the author often uses personal flairs and must invent details filling in the gaps of the story of a persons life that cant be gleaned from first-hand or available documentation like home movies, photographs, and written accounts. Some critics of the form argue it does a disservice to both history and fiction, going so far as to call them unwanted offspring, which has brought a great embarrassment to them both, as Michael Holroyd puts it in his book Works on Paper: The Craft of Biography and Autobiography. Nabokov even called biographers psycho-plagiarists, meaning that they steal the psychology of a person and transcribe it to the written form. Biographies are distinct from creative non-fiction such as memoir in that biographies are specifically about one persons full life story -- from birth to death -- while creative non-fiction is allowed to focus on a variety of subjects, or in the case of memoirs certain aspects of an individuals life. Writing a Biography For writers who want to pen another persons life story, there are a few ways to spot potential weaknesses, starting with making sure proper and ample research has been conducted --  pulling resources such as newspaper clippings, other academic publications, and recovered documents and found footage.    First and foremost, it is the duty of biographers to avoid misrepresenting the subject as well as acknowledging the research sources they used. Writers should, therefore, avoid presenting a personal bias for or against the subject as being objective is key to conveying the persons life story in full detail. Perhaps because of this, John F. Parker observes in his essay Writing: Process to Product that some people find writing a biographical essay easier than writing an  autobiographical  essay. Often it takes less effort to write about others than to reveal ourselves. In other words, in order to tell the full story, even the bad decisions and scandals have to make the page in order to truly be authentic.

For Anyone Unfamiliar With Computer Errors, Error 404 Is

For anyone unfamiliar with computer errors, error 404 is a common error where the computer browser connects to a server but does not find what it was asked to receive. The purpose of explaining this error is to relate it to educative writings, specifically those aimed at educating about a culture. Content that is aimed at shedding light on a culture falls on deaf ears if it cannot interest, connect to, and enlighten the consumer of that content. In order to effectively educate, the pupil should be interested in the material and find a connection to it. In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi uses the comic genre to interest the reader visually through images, connect the audience to the main character through relatability, and educate the reader on†¦show more content†¦They provide a static cohesive picture that illustrates through images and words the feeling of a particular moment that cannot be done with solely an image or words. The appeal of Satrapi’s story, however, lies beyond the sole use of the comic medium. Satrapi, through using the comic book genre, utilizes a distinctive and appealing visual medium that can accurately convey a message of individuality, which is the key to connecting readers to this story. In Persepolis, Marji aims to become her own person and establish an identity for herself despite the demanding influences around her. Marji becomes relatable to the reader in this way because she struggles with finding this individuality. Marji’s relatability allows her a connection with the reader as finding one’s sense of individuality is a common struggle. Marji struggles to find what she believes in and how that shapes her as a person. Persepolis at its core is a story of Marji maturing and establishing her own opinions. Maturity and finding one’s own individuality is very much something that a reader can connect to because it is a part of life that everyone must go through. Each episode that Marji depicts shows her growth into maturity and individuality, â€Å"Engaging readers in the process of looking and ‘seeing’ more clearly, Satrapi illustrates how crucial it is for readers to look beyond the veil and recognize individuals† (Allison, 83). Through thisShow MoreRelatedQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesreferences to journal articles and other technical literature should assist the reader in applying the methods described. I also have showed how the different techniques presented are used in the DMAIC process. Supporting Text Materials Computer Software The computer plays an important role in a modern quality-control course. This edition of the book uses Minitab as the primary illustrative software package. I strongly recommend that the course have a meaningful computing component. To request thisRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages................................................................................................... 110 Different Definitions for Different Purposes .............................................................................. 111 How to Avoid Errors when Creating Definitions ..................................................................... 115 Review of Major Points ..................................................................................................................... 118 Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesthe University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. Dr Gordon earned his Ph.D. in Managerial Economics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His research focuses on such issues as corporate performance measures, economic aspects of information and cyber security, cost management systems, and capital investments. He is the author of more than eighty-five articles, published in such journals as The Accounting Review; Journal of Computer Security; Journal of Financial and QuantitativeRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesThis philosophy suggests an organization that is flexible and project driven. Project management has developed to the point where it is a professional discipline having its own body of knowledge and skills. Today it is nearly impossible to imagine anyone at any level in the organization who would not benefit from some degree of expertise in the process of managing projects. Audience This text is written for a wide audience. It covers concepts and skills that are used by managers to propose, planRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesMETHODOLOGIES 1 Lakes Automotive 3 Fems Healthcare, Inc. 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Virtually instantaneousRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesConflict 405 Educational Pension Investments 405 SKILL PRACTICE 410 Exercise for Diagnosing Sources of Conflict 410 SSS Software Management Problems 410 Exercises for Selecting an Appropriate Conflict Management Strategy Bradley’s Barn 419 Avocado Computers 419 Phelps, Inc. 420 Exercises for Resolving Interpersonal Disputes 420 Freida Mae Jones 421 Can Larry Fit In? 423 Meeting at Hartford Manufacturing Company 424 SKILL APPLICATION 431 Activities for Improving Managing Conflict Skills Suggested AssignmentsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesEnhancing Your Communication Skills 228 PART 5 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Chapter 10 Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Learning Outcomes 230 Introduction 232 Factors That Can Distort Appraisals 244 Leniency Error 244 Halo Error 245 Similarity Error 245 Low Appraiser Motivation 245 Central Tendency 245 Inflationary Pressures 246 Inappropriate Substitutes for Performance 246 Attribution Theory 246 Creating More Effective Performance Management Systems 247 Use Behavior-Based MeasuresRead MoreStephen P. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOthers 170 †¢ Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations 173 The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making 174 Decision Making in Organizations 175 The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints 184 Individual Differences 184 †¢ Organizational Constraints 186 What About Ethics in Decision Making? 187 Three Ethical Decision Criteria 187Re ad MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 The Future of Work Teams in Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 Contingency Approach to Leading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 xiv Contents Section 6: Coordinating 18—Measuring, Evaluating, and Coordinating Organizational Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Measuring and Evaluating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Performance Indicators

Meditations Free Essays

SoP†A man’s worth is no greater than the worth of his ambitions.† When I read Meditations by Marcus Aurelius little did I know the impact it would have on me while choosing my career path. At a very young age, I began to be fascinated by the role of money in our day today lives, this allure grew and it influenced my goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Meditations or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s with great deliberation that I have decided to pursue the Master of Finance course in your esteemed institution, since it is harmonious with my goal of being a Financial Analyst. This course appealed to me, due to its compelling curriculum. As I read through the syllabus I realised the foundations of the challenging course work would give me an in-depth understanding of concepts such as corporate finance, a subject which has always fascinated me. The convergence of each and every subject offered in the coursework during the two-year period shall not only provide the exposure I desire from the Master’s program but will also allow me to lay the foundation to pursue my aspiration of Chartered Financial Analyst – a professional degree that one can aim to actualize since it will be in perfect synchronisation with the university’s course program. Australia is also the choicest of countries to pursue my Graduate studies. Since I have always the admired their hospitable approach to international students, and the balanced and cultured perspective it imparts to the students who study there. I also believe pursuing my graduate degree there will not only improve my knowledge but will also help in my holistic development.My family has always inculcated in me the need for education and the value of hard work. All through my life, my parents would show me all their values not in words but in their actions. My mother who is an educator taught me that a good education is the profoundest of accomplishments. My father imparted to me the attitude of working with meticulousness and going the extra mile to succeed in my endeavours. They supported and encouraged my intellectual curiosity, and fostered my fledging interest in finance. They would patiently field my questions on the basics of economy and gave me the leeway to understand how they would budget our household expenses. With this strong backing I decided to attempt one of the most challenging exams in India, the Chartered Accountancy Exams. While preparing for this exam, I came to realise the complexities involved in accounting. The real learning began when I cleared the first level of the exam and started preparing for the Intermediary level. I was exposed to a variety of subjects including concepts of financial management, information technology and management principles. 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The end of the internship period bridged the gap between my ideals and real life, and clinched my dream of delving into the world of finance. This led to my decision to pursue Masters of Finance as against a Management degree since I was looking for something more niche and specialized. The job market in India provides plenty opportunities to those with skills in the field of finance including corporate finance and personal finance, however, the management programs here that are excellent in its own entirety do not allow a student seeking expertise in a distinct arena to flourish. India is now an emerging economy, the need for more specific expertise is on the rise, with the help of this program it would be an incredible contribution on my behalf to be able to apply the knowledge and exposure I receive at your revered university towards my ambition as well as the prove to be a contributing asset in the company of my choice in India. 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Marketing Announced Business Funding

Question: Discuss about the Marketing for Announced Business Funding. Answer: Activity 2 The Australian parents are not well aware of the nutrition needs of their children. In a survey conducted by Nestle, only 51% of parents know five different food groups and 50% parents identified correct amount for one serve of fruits. In another additional research, the company has found that kids who learn to cook are able to choose healthier food. Hence, Nestle offers Healthy Active Kids Program, offering the school to win fully equipped teaching kitchen worth 25,000 AUD (Nestle Australia 2016). This will encourage cooking among the kids and they would be aware of healthy nutrition requirement. Nestle Australia also announced funding in order to provide additional secondary schools for indigenous girls, in the month of June. They aim to support completion of schooling by more indigenous girls. They believe that girls who are educated are powerful to change the family and change the society for a healthier future. They have committed to meet the needs of the native people in secondary schools and improve the engagement in schooling. Nestle will work mutually with Role Models and Leaders Girls Academy, to develop girls for healthier community (Nestle Australia 2016). Peters Ice cream business was owned by Nestle and in 2012, it was sold. However, the company acquire license to produce some Nestle ice cream brands like Drumstick; Maxibon etc. Peters ice cream brand holds a strong position and continued to attract loyalty of ice cream lover of Australia. Under Drumstick brand of Peters, two new products are offered. Choc Malted Mega Milkshake and Jammy Custard Donut. This ice-cream brand in Australia has launched The Brooklyn Collection in partnership with New York based famous ice cream parlour. This product range includes high quality and tasty tuba and sticks of some exclusive flavours. The products are enriched with peanut butter and Pretzel and sweet cream; chocolate brownie; corn nuts; golden syrup; green tea. Peters has also launched Proud Punch (Peters Ice Cream 2016). In this product, the company offers real flavours with a punch. All fresh products are used in making of this product and they are turned into tasty treats. The current products are promoted through social media and official website of Peters itself. The marketing type of these two firms are different. Nestle promote its product by engaging itself into social activity. Increasing awareness about the nutrition intake and supporting education of girls, are some strategies to improve brand loyalty. Since it is a well-established multinational brand and enjoys significant market share, these marketing strategies will help them to attain sustainability. It targets specific consumers like kids and indigenous girls in its recent events. The Peters brand focuses on developing new product range to attract customers. Some of its product targets all ice cream lovers and its product like The Brooklyn Collection target the niche market of this industry with exclusive flavoured ice creams. Activity 5 Economys future is determined by the trends of the demographic. The growth in the population and age of the demographic are important for investors and businesses. As population growth is higher in the developing nation, the multinational companies are attracted to these market and set up their business. This is because, in the market where population is growing the demand is significantly high. This is a great opportunity for a business. However, the population is aging in the emerging and developed countries (IMF 2016). Therefore, businesses might face lack to potential workers. Moreover, the product of the business must appeal the old people. For example, cell phone; e-book; video games attract the young people than an old person as these are not appealing to them. Since, the world population is aging, the business can offer new products that are valuable and usable for the old people. Before marketing, the business should decide which segment of the market it wants to focus on (R iva, Aimone Marsan and Grassi 2014). The world population is also urbanizing. As a result of this, the multinational companies get a higher scope to establish in the new economies, where people are getting adhere to urban life style. Business will focus on offering those goods that meet the requirement of urban life style. The demand for the urbanized product has been significantly increasing in the global market. The businesses will be set up in the region where the working age population will grow in the next few decades. The education level of the demographic also affects the international marketing, as people now prefers more sophisticated goods. Higher education also offers high skilled workers for the business. People travel more after getting retired. Therefore, the travel and tourism industry will be benefitted due to ageing population. Old people need special medical care. Therefore, demand for medical care will be increased. Hence, health care system will be benefitted (Kautonen, Down and Minniti 2014). References IMF. 2016. Finance and Development. [online] Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/picture.htm [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Kautonen, T., Down, S. and Minniti, M., 2014. Ageing and entrepreneurial preferences. Small Business Economics, 42(3), pp.579-594. Nestle Australia. 2016. Media. [online] Available at: https://www.nestle.com.au/media#itemPerPage=20 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Peters Ice Cream. 2016. Ice Cream Australia | Peters Ice Cream. [online] Available at: https://www.peters.com.au/# [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Riva, G., Ajmone Marsan, P. and Grassi, C., 2014. Active ageing and healthy living.

Notes on Appeasement free essay sample

Slide 4 – Anglo – German Act of revenge on part of previous warfare against Ethiopia Inferiority complex often shown by Italy as it had no Empire League put economic sanctions but did not shut the Suez Canal- showing they did not want to provoke Italy and Britain wants Italy as Ally against Hitler Therefore there is a need for Appeasement, Britain and France were put to shame, angered Mussolini and therefore joins Hitler in taking over Austria. Diplomatic allegiance that threatens Britains security due to disarmament. (Japan, Italy and Germany) Collective security completely discredited League plays no role at all in any of succeeding crises everyone for themselves. Slide 5 Re- Occupation of Rhineland Hitler sees world is distracted and takes the opportunity and invades Rhineland and re arms it. Gamble by Hitler Army was not sent in just a few infantry. Britain wants him to get away with it. Public opinion Pacifist against war v no interest in foreign affairs This was last chance to stop Hitler. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes on Appeasement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slide 6 – Spanish Civil War Representative of ideological struggle in Europe as whole: Communists and socialists vs. Fascists and right wing. Britain and France Appease AGAIN!!!!! EST OF NON INTERVENTION COMMITTEE BUT DOES NOTHING BRITAIN BEGINS TO FEAR AERIAL BOMBARDMENT Slide 7 – Guernica STRIKE FEAR INTO BRITONS AND BEGIN TO RE ARM TO SECURE SAFETY OF LONDON (PUBLIC OPINION AND POLITICAL CIRCLES) STANLEY BALDWIN NO DEFENCE AGAINST THE BOMBER. MORAL PANIC. REFER TO GUERNICA IN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. EXPECTED DEATHS CAUSED EVEN MORE PANIC Slide 8 – The Anschluss HITLER BREACHES VERSAILLE AGAIN FELT THAT THERE WAS LITTLE BRITAIN AND FRANCE COULD DO, SO APPEASED AGAIN!!! Slide 10- Czechoslovakia Wanted to take back land that was originally German But part of little entente, so makes a seperatist movement e. g. propaganda against each other Slide 13 – Appeasement If you dont negotiate with Hitler? What do you do? League of Nations a busted flush Any collective security via Empire? Empire a source of weakness, give commitments and responsibilities but not necessarily the strength to deal with those responsibility? Possibility of an alliance system against Germany? potential of a front against Hitler, Poland hates Russia and Vice Versa and czechs, not easy to form. Likliehood of provoking a war becomes increasingly more apparent Slide 14 – Defence Weaknesses Red. Britains defences 1934 penny drops, DRC formed because thought that world is no longer a peaceful place. Specifically look at defence requirements 15yrs of cuts left britain with very small army, air force not good, navy only thing that was useful. Not useful on mainland Europe. Slide 15 – Defence Weaknesses cont. Fear of German bombing was rife, need a strong air force. Even though not consistent but still at heart. 1938 rearmament really begins to take place RAF slower than bombers they needed to intercept. Needed a modern defensive. 1935 1939 Britain manages to create a modern air defence system, RAF more effective now. Makes Appeasement seem logical Slide 16 – Economic weakness Economic Consequences of going into war, just emerging out of Great depression dont want involvement in war for 2nd time in 20 yrs. Munitions are now very expensive, cost of rearmament begins to bite 40% of total govt expenditure- treasury had to borrow money, weakens the pound. Could Britain plunge back into depression? Appeasement looks like a good idea now! Slide17 – European commitments Britain has too many commitments but not enough power to keep to them. External threats to the empire are possible so do not want to exhaust all resources on Germany. Internal threats within the Empire are also rife. All hostile to any European entanglements. Specific memory of disastorious consequences of involvement in Gallipole (Austrailia and New Zealand) Slide 18 – Absence of allies No real allies within Europe in 1930s Retreatment of USA legal neutral and isolate Soviet Union? Communism worse than Nazism. Fundamentally unreliable change in govt every 6 months. (politically unstable) shocked by consequences of ww1 not willing to go out on a limb against Hitler. Slide 19 – Domestic calculation Students of Oxford Union vote that they will NOT serve King and Country. Score points for more outrageous policy score of political debate within UNI Some evidence of pacifism but not as strong as people believe. Housing led to socialists being elected and nearly unseating current Mayor. Chamberlain confident public not enthusiastic about War. In order to win war impetus for appeasement. Slide 21- failure of appeasement Lebensraum key German policy goes way beyond re taking german territory. Wants to create a german empire. Apeasement led to demand for more territory on behalf of Hitler? Kristallnacht! Horrified people, persecution of Jewish people of Germany made them feel guilty of betraying Jewish people. Slovak nationalist Seperatism allowed Hitler to invade the remains of Czechoslovakia Slide 22- Abandonment of Hitler could not be trusted and was willing to use force when necessary! 1st time in peace time introduction of limited conscription (more spending? Announces that Britain would give cast Iron gurantees to Poland etc. guarantees security. But all efforts too little too late. Chamberlain still believes that Hitler would not have guts to risk a European war. Hitler expected a short campaign. Slide 23 – Franco Russian talks Spurred on by German Italian axis. Britains Lack of common sense. British Naval conservation goes to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ head of mis sion to be greeted by Soviets, wore medal for fighting against soviet union. Stalin has own agenda, wants russian troops in Poland, but neither can agree.

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buy custom Decisions in Paradise essay Introduction It is from the beginning of the tenure of my posting I observed that the island of Kava is a quite dismal place. So, in order to make a strong foothold there our company would have to take some very important decisions. Then evaluate the resources that were in hand which would be very important for the proposed solution. After that only I would try to evaluate all the proposals according to their implications. The factors that are affecting the decision implementations and the solutions There are a number of factors that are directly affecting the organizations from spreading business in this island. The very first case is, the island being a natural disaster zone and along with different natural disasters different diseases like HIV/AIDS, avian flu are really common in this part of the world. The natural disasters are one of the foremost causes that grounds problems of communication with the first world and this is the biggest crisis faced by our company since it is basically a communicative company (Ren, 2008). To make matters worse, the island suffers from a direct threat from terrorists both from inside and outside of the island. All these factors are really preventing the growth of the company in the island. If we look at the problems, we can find that these are seen in more or less in most of the third world countries. It is really tough to stop the natural disasters, but if the company tries to connect its hands with the government and aims to start some campaigns to stop all the diseases then it will directly reach to the lower class people. We have to keep in mind that our company is a postal company and if we reach to the lower class people, they will start believing in us and may also start using the services provided by the company. Also, we need some good transport systems and some communicational devices like fax machines and internet connections. In the beginning these steps will surely help the company going (Vaagaasar, 2009). Evaluating Resources and all the factors In the process of evaluating the resources we first look at the specific needs of the organization for spreading the business. In the very beginning the organization lacks in manpower. It should employ some local people to do some works for the organization; they can employ the older people in the posts of supervisors and the young ones as subordinates. This will be a very sincere step for the organization. After that the company should upgrade its technical sides. New machines should be installed in the office that will make the work process faster (Koskinen, 2009). As the technological advancements in the island is barred due to many problems so it has to spend money to install the new technologies. This decision will ultimately help the later growth of the company. We have to keep in mind all the negative aspects of the place before deciding on any aspect and only then we can clearly see our options (Vaagaasar, 2009). The organization has to directly help the Government and also the military. So, it will get some help back from the Government to reorganize its processes. On the other hand our organization supports several other organizations, which are either faith based groups or community based organizations and it can be believed that these will also help our organization to gather resources. This will obviously help our company to continue in the business. Gathering resources before starting the business of the organization is one of the very important aspects of the process. Actually this will help us to decide both the long term and the short term goals for the company and we also can decide what will be the strategies that we need to work on (Ren, 2008). The Implications from shareholders perspective In the context of the company, the perspective of the shareholders gets really an important angle. The shareholders want the company to earn as much as it can so their share of wealth will increase. It is really a tough decision for a company to decide whether they should do business on Kava Island or not. Actually the island is an unlikely place to do business. The island has its own difficulties, as well as many problems like weather, diseases and frequent terrorist activities. It might happen thhat the share-holders will oppose the idea of doing business in the island as they will be afraid that the organization will be out of business from the place in a short time. This can be really bad for a company because in places like Kava one needs to invest a lot of wealth to start a business and if the business winds up pre-maturely then the company will face a heavy financial loss and this will not please the shareholders (Vaagaasar, 2009). But on the other hand there are some very important points in the aspect. Firstly, in the island our company is the first of its kind and as we have decided to employ local people and assemble new technologies, it will surely attract the customers. More over the company has good relations with the Government, the military and some very important ethnic and non-ethnic organizations. They will surely help the company in doing and carrying with the business. Generally it is seen that in a third world country if a company gets hold of the market, it stays in the business. More over it can also expand its market in different countries which share a good relation with it. So, I strongly believe that our company, if it can stay in the Kava Island for sometimes, can grow in business and it also can expand its business to some other countries. This will be more helpful to the company and it will surely earn more and more financial gains, which will be directly proportional with the financial gains of the shareholders too (Koskinen, 2009). Conclusion Setting up business in Kava is a really tough task. In this case, we have to carefully examine all the resources we have in our hand and also have to go further to gather all the resources. Though the conditions of the island are not quite friendly for establishing an international business but still with the co-operation of the Government and the military we can take the risk. Moreover by providing employment to the local people we are also attracting the population towards our business (Vaagaasar, 2009). In the future, if our strategies become successful, then we should try to implement some other business ideas in the case, but for now we will have to concentrate on building the basic foundation of the business. Buy custom Decisions in Paradise essay

Domestication of Plants and Animals in Anthropology Essay - 250

Domestication of Plants and Animals in Anthropology - Essay Example Taking wheat as an example, the wild variety of wheat had a tough but easily breakable rachis. The seed of the wild variety of barley easily clutter releasing the grains far away where they independently grow into mature wheat. In addition, the tough shell on the seeds of wild wheat prevents the seeds from being pre maturely exposed. Domesticated wheat on the other hand easily separates from char making it suitable for flouring. Progressive harvesting and planting of wild wheat lead to mutations that led to formation of a variety of wheat which had tougher seed coats to sustain the roughness which wheat goes through in the process of harvesting. Animals, on the other hand, had also to go through transformation suitable evidence lies in wild goats found in the Middle East which have horns with totally different shape as those that are reared at home (Ember 168). Animals and plants in the wild even though had more similarities with those that are domesticated, they are different becaus e they had to gain or lose a number features to make them adaptable for domestic purposes. There are two theories explaining why domestication occurred within a few thousand years ago. One of the theories, Gordon Childe’s Theory has it that unreliable climatic conditions led to domestication of animals and plants. Long periods of drought in the Middle East led to scarcity of food or even water. This led to crowding around water points and areas that earlier on had plenty of food. Man, therefore, realized that to mitigate the effect of drought and increase food production, domestication of plants and animals was inevitable (Ember 169).Another theory originated by Mark Cohen, Lewis-Flannery explains that domestication was as a result of curiosity and adventure. The man admired the beauty and abundance that defined hunting and collecting areas. He, therefore, wanted to replicate this abundance in his own home. This theory further agrees that population pressure

Essay - Materials that are used to build a bridge debate & more

- Materials that are used to build a bridge debate & more - Essay Example h can build for example: bridges, building and roads, to get well known with this major the person must take Bachelor Degree to start his career that the highest degree for Civil engineering is PhD, which takes many years to get this degree, the places where the civil engineering can work is in factories, government and companies, in factories the civil engineer can make maintenance for the petrol drilling area and facilities, for the government he can make the roads and bridges which is the same for the companies but the differences is the name of the work, many places gives sponsor to students to study civil engineering, the reason why I chose to study civil engineering because I have a huge interest in buildings also I like doing physical things instead of sitting in the office all day, in my country they are getting developed such as in roads, building and making bridges to make the traffic goes smoother and getting ready for 2022 world cup, and another reason that why I chose ci vil engineering is that I have many recommendations from my family as it is a wanted major these days and will have a good career in this major also talking to many civil engineers they told me it is really good job also working outside not sitting in the office all the time. Liverpool John Moores University offers 4 years studying with foundation in order to graduate Civil Engineering as same as Northumbria University also both of them doesn’t have any optional modules to study like learning new language or taking a subject that isn’t relevant to the course, both them offers sandwich year which is taking break one year between second year and third year which is working for a whole year to a corporate or to a company and then go back to university and continue studying, also in comparing between these two university both of them offers part-time study which is taking less subject than the full-time study and also they will take much longer time to graduate depending on their

Academic Models in Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Models in Strategic Management - Essay Example There are numerous techniques and approaches that support strategic decision making, like PEST, SWOT, portfolio matrixes, life cycles, value chain concepts and many others. The most important aspect of these academic tools is to â€Å"what extent [these tools] enhance or inhibit creative competitive strategy making in organizations† (Clark, 1997, p. 417). Some authors argue (Eilon, 1980, cited by Clark, 1997, p. 418) that there is an absence of strong focus on academic tools because they play a secondary role being â€Å"the means to an end, not an end in [itself]†. Still, the usage of academic business models should not be underrated, because these promote the development of â€Å"strategic thinking in organizations† (Clark, 1997, p. 418). Strategic management tools perform basically a â€Å"support role† (Clark, 1997, p. 418) in the strategic management process. This is so, because academic instruments offer useful insights into the benefits of different strategies and suggest a more systematic approach towards strategy implementation. These tools provide information generation, framework for analysis, also coordination and control mechanisms (Clark, 1997, p. 418). Further on, schemes and visualized models have the benefit of presenting ideas, model relationships and help management identify opportunities and co nvict others about the usefulness of suggested strategies. 2. The use of tools during the different strategic management stages Academic models are visible throughout the strategic management process, from planning and defining of mission and purpose to crafting different strategies and strategy execution and evaluation (Thompson et al, 1996, p. 3). Situation analysis Analysis of the business environment is regarded "as a fundamental part of the strategic management planning process" (Pickton, 1998, p. 102), because academic strategists have realized that environmental changes are constant and unavoidable. A research undertaken by Clark (1997) points out that for many companies environmental analysis includes evaluation of remote environment, meaning PEST analysis; and evaluation of the companies' operating environment, meaning competitors, customers, markets, suppliers and stakeholders. PEST and Porter's five forces model are basically similar tools for environmental audit and are ranked in the top set of tasks in UK (Clark, 1997, p. 423). In an increasingly diverse competition, industries are no longer viewed as isolated independent markets. This makes the application of the Porter's model insufficient, because it "tends to be focused on the single industry or strategic business unit", which means that it's much narrower in its scope. Another largely used academic tool is SWOT analysis, which is regarded as the simplest "easy-to-use technique for getting a quick overview of a firm's strategic situation" (Thompson et al, 1996, p. 92). SWOT is praised for its simplicity and practicality and is widely adopted uncritically (Pickton et al, 1998, p. 101); it underscores the basic principle that strategy must be a good fit between a company's internal capabilities and its external situation. Authors like Farjourn (2002) observe that SWOT is only suitable to a stable and predictable world. Too simplistic adoption of SWOT is reflected by the fact that most academic papers review it as a static strategic framework (Pickton et al, 1998, pp. 102-103); academicians simplify it to a list of factors and fail to conduct further analysis, which limits the usability of the model. Another tool, the value chain concept is a "primary analytical tool of strategic cost analysis"; it identifies costs and value drivers for primary and

Textual Comparison on Blog and Journal Summary

Textual Comparison on Blog and Journal Summary In the following I will be reporting on two texts containing a similar research different in terms of presentation: one is a blog and the other is a journal summary. Of importance however, is not their text presentation mode but on how their respective writers made their lexicogrammatical choices. I chose to work with the following features: noun group composition and lexical density. Lexical density I computed the lexical density of the texts by estimating how each writer used lexical as well as grammatical units in total. The entire blog text has a lexical density of 53.78% while the journal article summary has a lexical density of 55.61%. This is an indicator that the journal article has a huge quantity of information-carrying words. The blog text, on the other hand, has comparatively limited information-carrying words. Mostly, you will find incomplete clauses in the blog text like the writer was constructing his/ her own utterances. For example, how the blog post used The five largest statewide whooping cough epidemics identified as the journal writer used The 5 largest statewide epidemics had substantial proportions . Seemingly, the writer had little time to ponder and plan what they wanted to write. The journal writer had more time to plan as well as shape the units of meaning they wanted to use comparatively. The writer of the journal sufficiently selected the best lexical word befitting, reviewed the text and replaced words before he submitted the text compared to the blogger. The writer of the journal also seems to be well equipped when it comes to vocabulary as well as word finding. Comparatively, the blogger has more difficulties finding words and with their vocabulary. Additionally, the lexical density tells us that there is more information in the journal text compared to the blog text. True to this, the journal text has 355 words and the blog text has 308 words (excluding the last bit about requesting for a copy). Take Of the 970 measles cases with detailed vaccination data, 574 cases were unvaccinated despite being vaccine-eligible and 405 (70.6%) of these had nonmedical exemptions (e.g., exemptions for religious or philosophical reasons, as opposed to medical contraindications; 41.8% of total) from the journal article summary it has a lexical density of 48.84%. A similar edition of the blog is Of the 970 measles cases with accompanying vaccination data, 574 cases were unvaccinated despite being eligible to receive the immunization and 405 cases had nonmedical vaccine exemptions, such as religious or philosophical opposition to vaccines, which has 54.29%. Here, the writer of the blogger used more lexical words in the sentence compared to the writer of the journal to tell the same story. The blogger also used lesser words i.e. 35 while the writer of the journal text used 40 words. In the given text, the blogger came strong with his/ her words and overtook the writer of the journal when he sai d, despite being eligible to receive the immunization. The journal writer simply wrote, despite being vaccine-eligible. For the reader, it is easier to understand the blogger because it is not difficult for anyone who is not equipped with vocabularies to know what eligible by itself means. The blogger explicitly tells us how the subject(baby), and the object(vaccine) relate by telling us how the subject would have had an action performed on it. The other sentence does not clearly depict the object nor talk more on it nor the action. When the journal writer uses vaccine-eligible, the sentence comes out as vague. Taking this sentence apart from the text, the lexical words give us a general idea of what the whole text is about which is what the blogger did. The journal writer decided to take the other approach by using grammatical, non-lexical words more to assist us to make a whole from the pieces. Judging from this alone, the blogger intended to convey more information compared to the writer of the journal. See how in the journal text the writer says However, several pertussis outbreaks also occurred in highly vaccinated populations indicating waning immunity. The whole sentence has lexical words except for the word in. the lexical density is a clean 92.31%. For the same text in the blog, it amassed a 68.18% lexical density. The prepositions and determinants replaced lexical words. However, the study also noted that epidemics of whooping cough occurred in vaccinated populations too which highlights the issue of waning immunity. The blogger uses more words because they have incorporated grammatical non-lexical words but that does not increase the density of the sentence. I feel the blogger already told us what they study was about thus, saying which highlights the issue of waning immunity would have been replaced by, highlighting waning immunity. More lexical units, more density less tautology but still maintaining the meaning. When it gets to the general text, the journal writers text is more expository compared to the blog text. The reason their lexical densities are not that far apart is because they both used information-bearing as well as lexical words, only that one excelled at it more. Noun group composition. With the noun groups, I tackled the four common noun phrases: pronouns, nouns alone, nouns + determinants and nouns + modifiers+ determinants. When it comes to parts of speech, the journal has 37.08% usage of nouns, 5.48% of adjectives, 5.48% of verbs, 1.83% of adverbs, 15.67% of prepositions, 2.09% of pronouns, 4.18% of auxiliary verbs. The blog text has 27.32% usage of nouns, 7.92% of adjectives, 14.48% of verbs, 4.37% of adverbs, 17.49% of prepositions, 3.55% of pronouns and finally, a 5.19% of auxiliary verbs. There are two rules that simply govern how noun groups are used in English. One of them is that many noun phrases have at least two essentials. When a noun is not used in a generalizing manner, there is at least a determiner and a noun. A determiner could be a quantifier like many, a possessive like my, a numeral like thirty, a question word like whose and finally an article like the. The writer of the journal used longer and many noun phrases compared to the blogger. He was trying to be very accurate about the information being conveyed because it was complex. I made a count of 25 noun phrases with determiners in the blog text. Comparatively, I made 31 noun phrases with determiners in the journal text. When it comes to the noun phrases with determiners as well as modifiers, the journal text beat the blog text by far. An indicator of how complexly the writer of the journal viewed the information before he accurately relayed it. I feel the blogger was very sketchy when conveying the information. He did not want to delve deeper rather just give the reader an idea of the matter at hand. The writers have both tried to be very noun-centric. They have used many noun phrases as well as been very modest with their variety of verbs. An example is at some point; the two writers have used a noun phrase repeatedly without making use of the pronouns. They ended up repeating a specific term as it was the only way to refer to the concept in the text. An instance is in how they both have used the noun phrase The United States at least more than twice. The second rule that governs how noun groups are used in English claims other multiple noun phrases also use modifiers. Modifiers can be adjectives, subordinate nouns, adjectival clauses, relative phases or prepositional clauses. Using examples in the blog texts, a substantial number and the 5 largest statewide whooping cough cases. The determiners in the two examples are a and the. Substantial, largest, statewide as well as whooping are adjectives. In this case, largest statewide whooping is an adjectival clause. Lastly, the nouns are number, and cough cases. 5 counts as a number which is just part of the clause but is not necessarily important to the clause. An example from the journal text is this phenomenon improved understanding. This is the determinant here. Phenomenon improved is the adjectival clause and understanding is the noun in this case. Noun phrases are an essential fragment of every sentence. Noun phrases function first as the subject of clauses. For example, in the scientific literature, scientific acts as the subject.Secondly, they act as subject complements. Take that have occurred since measles was declared eliminated. Measles is the subject and eliminated is the subject complement. Thirdly, they function as the direct objects e.g. epidemic in the phrase The 5 largest statewide whooping cough epidemic. Conclusion. A journal text tends to try and be as formal as can be while the blog can be informal. They thus differ in their lexical densities because the writer relayed the information stressing the information differently. The building of noun phrases in the journal is also taken seriously because there are more complex clauses compared to the blogger. The blogger seemingly rushes through to make a submission while the journal writer has to think through and integrate so many aspects of grammar in his writing before submitting. APPENDIX. Blogs noun group composition. Noun alone pronoun Determiner + noun Determiner + modifier+ noun Refusal They The vaccine A substantial number Disease They The spread The scientific literature Jama whose This month The 5 largest statewide whooping cough epidemic U.S> Who The study The recent surge whooping cough cases Measles cases Themselves The disease An unfortunate comeback Patients They The U.S. The largest number Vaccine refusal The study Risk That diseased Cough A record low Immunity The immunization Researchers The study Reporters The researches Measles outbreaks The study authors Cough outbreaks The issue Incidence The vaccine Measles cases The study Percent A rise Children Some groups Parents The U.S. Vacation Percent Patients Measles cases Vaccination data Cases Opposition Vaccines Cough outbreaks Studies Vaccination data Percent Percent Patients Purpose Epidemics Coughs Populations Immunity People Measles Percent People Risk Factors Measles Cough People CDC Measles Disease Cases Cases Cough Cases Street Journals noun group composition Noun alone Pronoun Determiner + noun Determiner + modifier+ noun State vaccine mandates Their The United States This phenomenon improved understanding Vaccine delay refusal A review The published literature Diseases The United States that have occurred since measles was declared eliminated Measles We The association That assessed diseases risk Pertussis The epidemiology Which described measles reports Parents These diseases No history of measles vaccination Children The epidemiology The measles cases with detailed vaccination data Immunizations The association These had non-medical exemptions Exemptions The epidemiology Which included 10,609 individuals for whom vaccination status was reported. Association The united states The 5 largest statewide epidemics had substantial proportions Outbreaks The context A substantial portion Disease These outbreaks The phenomenon of vaccine refusal Attention The U.S measles cases An increased risk Exemption The era An increased risk Pertussis Some populations the lowest point in U.S pertussis incidence Pertussis Diseases U.S. outbreaks Search November Reports U.S measles outbreaks Measles January Studies Vaccine delay Exemption Measles studies Summaries Outbreak reports Age range Years Cases Month Half Cases Vaccine eligible Exemption Reasons Contradictions Percent Total Reports Pertussis outbreaks Age range Years Range Percent Percent Individuals Pertussis outbreaks Populations Immunity Reports Outbreaks Vaccination data Cases Percent Elimination Measles People Vaccines Individuals Pertussis resurgence Immunity Vaccine refusal Factors Blogs lexical density classification by sentence. No. of sentences Lexical density by every sentence. Lexical density 1 vaccine refusal is fueling the spread of potentially deadly diseases. 70% 2 Published this month in Jama the study found that a substantial number of U.S. measles cases that happened after 2000 when the disease was declared eliminated in the U.S. occurred among patients who were left purposefully unvaccinated i.e. vaccine refusal. 48.84% 3 They also found that vaccine refusal was associated with an increased risk for whooping cough though waning immunity seems to be contributing as well. 58.33% 4 To conduct the study researchers combed through the scientific literature for reports of measles outbreaks between 2000 and 2015 and for whooping cough outbreaks since 1977 when incidence of that disease reached a record low. 48.57% 5 They identified more than 1400 measles cases since 2000 of which more than 56 percent occurred in children whose parents refused vaccination. 47.83% 6 Among the five largest statewide whooping cough epidemics identified between 24 percent and 45 percent of patients were unvaccinated or undervaccinated. 57.14% 7 Of the 970 measles cases with accompanying vaccination data 574 cases were unvaccinated despite being eligible to receive the immunization and 405 cases had nonmedical vaccine exemptions such as religious or philosophical opposition to vaccines. 54.29% 8 in eight of 12 whooping cough outbreaks from nine studies that included vaccination data the researchers found that 59 percent to 93 percent of unvaccinated patients were left unvaccinated on purpose. 58.06% 9 however, the study also noted that epidemics of whooping cough occurred in vaccinated populations too which highlights the issue of waning immunity. 68.18% 10 the study authors concluded that refusing the vaccine against measles meant that people were putting not only themselves but also other people who had been vaccinated at risk. 57.14% 11 they also wrote that while the recent surge whooping cough cases may be down to other factors too the study clearly demonstrates that refusing to be vaccinated against measles has led to a rise in whooping cough among some groups of people. 53.66% 12 according to CDC though measles was declared eliminated in the u s in 2000 the contagious disease is making an unfortunate comeback spiking to 667 cases in 2014. 42.86% 13 as for highly contagious whooping cough the disease reached a recent high in 2012 with more than 48000 documented cases thats the largest number of reported cases since 1955. 51.72% Journals lexical density by sentence. No. of sentences. Lexical density by every sentence Lexical density. 1 association between vaccine refusal and vaccine preventable diseases in the united states a review of measles and pertussis. 58.82% 2 parents hesitant to vaccinate their children may delay routine immunizations or seek exemptions from state vaccine mandates. 70.59% 3 recent outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases in the united states have drawn attention to this phenomenon. 60% 4 improved understanding of the association between vaccine refusal and the epidemiology of these diseases is needed. 50% 5 to review the published literature to evaluate the association between vaccine delay refusal or exemption and the epidemiology of measles and pertussis 2 vaccine preventable diseases with recent us outbreaks. 55.17% 6 search of PubMed through November 30 2015 for reports of us measles outbreaks that have occurred since measles was declared eliminated in the united states after January 1 2000 endemic and epidemic pertussis since the lowest point in us pertussis incidence after January 1 1977 and for studies that assessed disease risk in the context of vaccine delay or exemption. 48.33% 7 we identified 18 published measles studies 9 annual summaries and 9 outbreak reports which described 1416 measles cases individual age range 2 weeks84 years 178 cases younger than 12 months and more than half 56 8 had no history of measles vaccination. 57.14% 8 of the 970 measles cases with detailed vaccination data 574 cases were unvaccinated despite being vaccine eligible and 405 70 6 of these had nonmedical exemptions e g exemptions for religious or philosophical reasons as opposed to medical contraindications 41 8 of total. 48.84% 9 among 32 reports of pertussis outbreaks which included 10 609 individuals for whom vaccination status was reported age range 10 days87 years the 5 largest statewide epidemics had substantial proportions range 24 45 of unvaccinated or undervaccinated individuals. 55.26% 10 However, several pertussis outbreaks also occurred in highly vaccinated populations indicating waning immunity. 92.31% 11 Nine reports describing 12 outbreaks provided detailed vaccination data on unimmunized cases among 8 of these outbreaks from 59 through 93 of unvaccinated individuals were intentionally unvaccinated. 55.56% 12 A substantial proportion of the u s measles cases in the era after elimination were intentionally unvaccinated. 47.06% 13 the phenomenon of vaccine refusal was associated with an increased risk for measles among people who refuse vaccines and among fully vaccinated individuals. 57.69% 14 although pertussis resurgence has been attributed to waning immunity and other factors vaccine refusal was still associated with an increased risk for pertussis in some populations. 57.69% Work cited. Laufer, Batia, and Paul Nation. Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written production. Applied linguistics 16.3 (1995): 307-322. Johansson, Victoria. Lexical diversity and lexical density in speech and writing: a developmental perspective. Working Papers in Linguistics 53 (2009): 61-79. Abney, Steven Paul. The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. Pg. 45

Importance of Philosophy in the Modern World :: Philosophy Religion Essays

The Importance of Philosophy in the Modern World Many of the philosophers we have been reading in class seem to me to be hopelessly dated (although some of them express useful ideas and/or make good points). Of course, it's easy to become trapped in writing only for the period a person lives in, and a philosophy is necessarily dependant on the historical situation and the extent of man's knowledge. And many of the philosophers who have existed over the course of the centuries have necessarily had to worry about governmental, church, or societal disapproval, censorship, or punishment. (Socrates, for instance, was sentenced to death by a court for the crime of explaining his ideas.) However, Victor Hugo said that if he were writing for his own time only, he would have to break his pen and throw it away (or something like that). As so it seems that, in order for a philosopher to be relevant for the future as well as the present, he must take into account all of the objections to his philosophy which can be anticipated at the present time. (Since we are not omnipotent, that's the best we can do.) And it seems to me that the most frequent objections to modern and premodern (but not postmodern) philosophers come from the incompatibility of their philosophies with what is considered to be established scientific fact. For instance, Plato's theory of forms does not, to me, seem to jibe with modern physics and cosmology. And although I can only vaguely glimpse the psychology which underlies Kant, it seems to be highly questionable. (In my view, application of Kant's epistemology and metaphysics could never produce an artificial intelligence capable of passing a Turing t est.) And so, it seems to me, the best way that a philosopher can keep from being dated (not in the romantic sense; many seem to have no problem with that) is to be aware of scientific knowledge, and integrate it into philosophy. Of course, this necessitates an independent evaluation of the merits and drawbacks of a given scientific idea, which necessitates, in turn, a thorough knowledge of that theory. After all, physics can (it seems to me) give us insights into metaphysics, since both seek different ways to do the same thing; psychology, sociology, anthropology, and archeology can give us insights into epistemology; various "soft" sciences dealing with comparative cultures can provide food for thought in ethics, and so on.

Wizard of Oz- How Is Dorothy a Feminist Hero?

In what ways can Dorothy be described as a feminist hero? In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, L. Frank Baum has made sure there is a feminist hero in his book. This is because everyone should see an example of a good feminist hero, especially around the time when this book was written; in 1900, it was very rare to read a book with any sort of feminism in it. Dorothy throughout the book, shows many heroic acts supporting the idea that she is a feminist hero. When L. Frank Baum is talking about Dorothy in the book, she is always leading the rest of the characters. During the book whenever the characters come across danger Dorothy is usually the one to stand up for them and not just thinking of herself. Dorothy is always helping the characters out instead of waiting for one of the male characters to help them instead. When L. Frank Baum is describing Dorothy and her friends, Dorothy is always described as independent and competent, the reasons why is because she leads and suggests the way to everyone so she doesn’t have to always rely on everyone else. We are told how Dorothy discovers the tin wood man (p. 34), how Dorothy tells everyone that â€Å"we must cross this strange place in order to get to the other side† she says this without worrying and she is taking charge (p. 167) and how Dorothy builds everyone a warm fire (p. 50). In the book leadership plays a strong part of Dorothy’s characteristics as she is not always relying on others for direction. Throughout the story, we are lead to see that Dorothy is a strong, competent and independent character. These are important qualities for any feminist to have, because if they weren’t strong or they were dependant on others, they wouldn’t be able to achieve anything in their lives and they wouldn’t be able to lead others. Dorothy always tries to help out even in dangerous situations, proving that she is not cowardly. There is evidence of this when Dorothy slaps the lion on the nose, after fearing for Toto’s safety (p. 3), she also speaks to the lion and sternly says ‘Don’t you dare bite Toto! You ought to be ashamed of yourself†¦ † (p. 43). Dorothy helps her friends to push the raft ashore, this put her life in danger but she still helped them (p. 60). These examples start to create an image of a character that is very brave and not in any way a cowardly or frightened person. By using these examples in the book, L. Frank Baum has created a brave and heroic main character for the story. This an be just of the features of a feminist her o because; if Dorothy is brave it means that she is not afraid to stand up for herself as well as her friends, meaning that Dorothy is mentally strong. Baum has described Dorothy as very kind to everyone and that she likes to help others, instead of waiting for one of the male characters to come and help instead. We can see examples of this when Dorothy asks the tin woodman â€Å"what can I do for you? †, he is a complete stranger but this doesn’t bother her as she can see that he needs help (p. 5), when Dorothy helps free the scarecrow from the pole that he is stuck to and later befriending him (p. 22), when they are trying to cross the hill the lion and the tin woodman get knocked to the ground, ‘Dorothy ran down and helped the scarecrow to his feet. ’ (p. 208). These acts of kindness show that Dorothy is a very kind, caring and helpful girl and is always willing to help someone in need, no matter what. It doesn’t worry her that she is female and traditionally the male characters take charge and rescue everyone. This is important because, if she didn’t help out and stood back for the male characters to help out then she wouldn’t be thought of as, a feminist because all the male characters would be in charge and in power not her, and if she wasn’t kind to others then no one would want to know her and she would have no one to help, stand up for or be a hero to. L. Frank Baum has made Dorothy an easy character to get along with so that people will want to get to know her and they will have a hero to look up to. Dorothy being helpful and kind is very important for her and is the main reason why everybody likes to be in her company. In conclusion we can see that L. Frank Baum, throughout the story tells us of many heroic acts that Dorothy has achieved, proving that she is a feminist hero. During the book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Dorothy is always leading the rest of the characters, whenever the characters come across danger Dorothy always stands up for the others and Dorothy is always helping others instead of waiting for one of the male characters to help. Baum uses these examples to create a feminist hero for the story, instead of having the usual dominant male character.

Creative Writing Topics #038; Ideas

Creative Writing Topics #038; Ideas Creative writing can be characterized as a style of writing that is made with creativity. It includes such types of writing as fiction writing, poetry writing, creative nonfiction writing, and many others. Creative writing is aimed at exposing different ideas, whether it will be emotions, feelings, or opinions. Hence, one may say that creative writing is anything where the goal is to express thoughts and feelings rather than merely to convey precise information. Accordingly, rather than only providing data or encouraging the reader to make a particular action, creative writing is composed to inspire or entertain someone, to spread ideas concerning something or someone, or to reveal one’s views. There are two types of creative writing such as effective and ineffective writings. Ineffective creative writing can be defined as a type of writing that cannot make any impact on the reader. This type of creative writing will not accomplish its purpose. Therefore, all creative writers, including novelists, poets, short-story writers, essayists, and others want to improve their writing to make it effective. To increase proficiency in creative writing, one should develop sufficient writing skills and thus, practice a lot. Topic and Ideas for Creative Writing Paper Below you can find the examples of topics for the creative writing paper. Outside the Window It may be one of the easiest themes to inspire a writer. You can write about the weather outside your window. If it is not inspiring to you, try to write about the weather in a place that you wish you could be. If I Had a Million Dollars This theme inspires one to use imagination. Everyone enjoyed dreaming about winning one million dollars, so use your imagination and try to develop this theme. Food Food is one of the most creative themes. You can write about your breakfast, dinner or lunch as well as about your favorite meal. You can write a story about a unique food experience or exotic food. Describe the most exciting meal you have ever had; it may be a good or a bad meal. Describe it in detail; for instance, say who was there with you, what meals were served, where the restaurant was located, and how you felt yourself before and after a meal. Try to answer those questions. Either you could write a poem concerning a time you met a friend at a cafà © during lunch. Eye Contact You could write a creative essay about two persons seeing each other for the first time. This theme seems to be quite inspiring as you can imagine any circumstances. Love Many creative writings discussed the theme of love. Love is one of the most widely held subjects covered in books. Thus, it may be a universal theme for you as you can explore love in a number of different ways in your writings. For instance, you can write about first love, forbidden love or unrequited love. You also can incorporate such themes as the love between partners and love between parents and children, and so on. Death Death is also one of the so-called literatures universal themes. In many different sources, the authors present the subject of death in some way or another. Thus, in your writing, you may explore a feeling of sadness after the death of a beloved person. You may examine the life-and-death cycle. Try to imagine what comes after death. Individual vs. Society Many creative writings use the conflict between the individual and society as the main theme. Such a story may revolve around the protagonist who confronts the community he or she lives in. Thus, you may write about a person who is different from other people, and either makes an effort to fit in with societys values or rebels against society. You may use this theme in dystopian fiction. Fear You can write about the subject that scares you. In that case, you can reveal what you feel when you are scared. Ask your inner self why you are afraid of something; you may be afraid of something because of your personal experience or judgment of others. You also can imagine a hypothetical situation when you are scared and write on how you can react to this situation. Good vs. Evil The struggle between good and evil is one of the most frequent themes in fantasy. It seems that this theme does not need explicit explaining as the books that investigate this theme generally emphasize a battle between good and evil, in which good usually wins. You may get inspiration from such publications as The Lord of the Rings written by J. R. R. Tolkien and George R. R. Martins â€Å"A Song of Ice and Fire.† Coming of Age The books concerning adulthood are quite popular among readers of all ages. Exploring this theme, you can write about occurrences in a young characters life that point to a radical shift of his or her mindset and standpoint. On the most famous works concerning this theme is â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† written by J. D. Salinger. It reveals the story of a sixteen-year-old boy facing the problem of teenage angst. Survival All living creatures have the same fundamental instinct for survival so that survival is a common theme in the literary discourse. In recent decades, the so-called dystopian genre becomes entirely popular making the subject of survival even more widespread. You can confront the characters with external issues such the environmental problems, a disease or a battle with an antagonist. As this theme is entirely popular nowadays, your piece of writing definitely will be successful. Bravery and Heroism The stories revealing the idea of heroism and courage have been quite popular for thousands of years. Not to mention, one of the most broadly used story structures in creative writing is the so-called heros journey structure. However, you may explore the theme of heroism in different ways. The most popular are â€Å"mythical† hero stories concerning the characters who are destined for greatness, and, at the same time, stories about heroes who achieve success despite the odds. Robin Hood, who is a character from English legends, is one of the most popular heroes in the literary discourse. He was stealing from wealthy people and giving to the poor. Therefore, you may use this prototype in your creative writing. Refreshed You may write a composition about a time you actually felt refreshed and renovated. Maybe you felt this during a dip into a pool on a warm summer day or when you made a sip of fresh lemonade. You can write about any situation that encouraged you to relax. It also may explore your experience having hard times and a case or a subject that helped you to start again. War The theme of war has been relevant for thousands of years. Many different authors used the issue of war in a variety of works of historical stories revealing the horrors of wars, to fiction stories considering fights between fantastical figures. Hence, as war is depicted throughout the history of literature, you also may explore this theme in your writings. Interview You may write a creative composition in the form of a conversation. This may be a real interview with a real person, as well as a fictional interview with a historical figure. To start, you should compose a list of questions you have for someone and then, develop it into your composition. Book Inspired Think about your favorite book. Point out why you like this book and what is the most exciting part of it. Moreover, you also can write a poem that sums up the whole plot of the book in less than ten lines. Prejudice The theme of prejudice has been frequently explored throughout literature. You can write a tale about the characters overcoming their prejudice and show how they managed to change their way of thinking for the better. Accordingly, exploring this theme you may investigate the destructive outcomes of prejudice and hasty judgment on one’s personality. As an example, you can use Jane Austens â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† which describes a love story based on wrong first impressions and prejudice. Secret Message Writers frequently write stories with a hidden sense. Try to compose something with a secluded message hidden between the lines. For example, you can write an acrostic poem where the last letters of the words will indicate a hidden message. Random Wikipedia Article If you cannot pick the theme from the list mentioned above, you may go to Wikipedia and click on the button Random Article. Then, write a piece of creative writing concerning whatever the page you get. Conclusion As can be seen, there are many different types of creative writing. The exploration of any theme, whether it is comprehensively explored or just inspected superficially, adds depth to any story. For creative writing, you may choose any subject from a broad topic such as love or coming of age to more particular themes such as analysis of the favorite book. However, you should note that creative writing is a specific type of writing that should be original and self-expressive to attract readers. Creative writing is aimed to entertain the readers and share personal experience, for instance, love or loss. Thus, keep in mind that whether you are attempting to express, it is of vital importance to use your imagination and be creative.

Effects of Globalization on the Environment Essay Example

Effects of Globalization on the Environment Essay Example Effects of Globalization on the Environment Paper Effects of Globalization on the Environment Paper Effects of Globalization on the Environment Globalization has had a huge impact on the world in a number of ways. It has increased the integration of countries individual economies, the rise in the world trade and multinational companies, and the effect of large amounts of money moving in and out of economies throughout the world. People around the world are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever before. In addition goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all arts of the world. International travel and communication in now more frequent and has become commonplace throughout the world. It can not be denied that globalization has had an overwhelming positive influence. Millions of jobs have been opened up through the ever increasing productivity and efficiency of the global economy. Globalization for less developed countries has encouraged faster growth, in turn promoting poverty reduction, demutualization and higher labor and environmental standards. It also gives citizens greater individual freedom to express views ND experience cultures through such mediums as television and the internet, which encourage understanding around the world. This fairly new glorified issue has had a great impact on the global environment in addition to all other aspects of the world that it has affected. One of the greatest examples that come to mind is the endless support of the tsunamis victims. Without globalization the world could not have contributed to the extent of what we have. Relentless support has been granted to the victims of this tragic event in record time. Globalization has made this possible through the increase in technology and communication. Citizens of the world now have the ability to contribute time, money and supplies to countries that would otherwise be stranded or left hanging for a period of time. Our valiant efforts have put this epic event at an all time support relief. We are now able to send support in all forms more conveniently. Without the effects of globalization this event that has occurred would have been much more devastating. The world can thank globalization for this never ending support. In addition to the tsunamis relief support granted through globalization, it has affected the environment in other ways as well. It has greatly increased the environmental standards worldwide. Through the development of the internet many environmental agencies have evolved which have increased the protection of the environment. The internet has made them more effective and they are now able to communicate much easier than ever before. Through the development of environmental supports some beneficial factors have evolved such as new up to date emissions standards. This greatly educes the worldwide threat of global warming. By agencies effectively implementing such standards our world has become safer and healthier. These efforts are now on a continuum which only leaves our world to improvement. Globalization is the reason for this and without it our world would be at risk of inevitable destruction. Through the efforts of environmental agencies we as a world are now aware and informed of the dangers of what used to be every day practices. We can thank the rise of globalization for our continuing efforts for world wide environmental improvement.

Business history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business history - Essay Example By the time of the first Sino- Japanese war in 1894-1895, her position was greatly weakened. It was not surprising that Japan won the war, having built their strength during the Meiji restoration. The loss to the Japanese marked the shift in the dominating power in Europe and the end of the beginning for the Qinq dynasty. The loss of the war was an indicator of the weaknesses within the dynasty and foreshadowed the Boxer rebellion, the revolution of 1911 and the downfall of the Qing dynasty in 1912 that would make way for the later rise of communism (Akimova 1971). By 1925, the population of china was around 450 million people, most of whom got their livelihood from agriculture. There was a great unevenness in the distribution of the land. More than half the national population was completely landless, working as laborers for the land owners who were made up of only roughly 20 percent of the population. Through out Chinese history, the imperial powers, knowing too well on what side their bread is buttered, have had a stringent control on the economy of the country. Other than land, the imperial powers had control over more than half of china’s biggest industry, textile production together with a third of the railways system whether directly or indirectly. The imperialists also monopolized the shipping on Chinese waters which accounted for 80% of her foreign trade (Blackwell, 2008). Why the revolts by the peasants were always thwarted is because they could not master the forces needed to fight against the imperial powers. This was another ploy by the imperialists to guarantee that there was no real threat because they knew the forces raised by the peasants were puny and could be easily crushed (Blackwell, 2008). Imperial china was slow to pick up what is termed as the capitalist revolution, where individuals work by themselves, to earn their own profit. It was detrimental for china to choose the communist

A Humble Proposal for Handling Muslim Immigrants in Germany Essay

A Humble Proposal for Handling Muslim Immigrants in Germany - Essay Example The given paper will prove that Muslims suffer from outrageous discrimination and oppression in German society, which is the blatant violation of human rights established by some United Nations conventions, and propose a solution to the problem basing on German laws. We cannot overlook the fact that compared to other European countries, Germany provides a relatively wide range of opportunities for immigrants’ employment, but Muslim immigrants face barriers in employment related to their religion and ethnicity, which endangers their welfare and ability to earn their living in the host country (Muehe 21). German employers show profound bias in their policy because they would rather prefer to hire a German than an immigrant worker. This unfair policy seems controversial, for â€Å"since the 1990s, analysts have pointed to Germany's ongoing need for immigrants to bolster economic development and maintain a dynamic workforce, given the rapid aging of the country's population† (Oezcan). In other words, do not Muslim workers deserve equal employment prospects after all they have done for Germany? Moreover, Muslims experience vast cultural and religious discrimination in the German environment, which gradually forces them to integrate and assimilate via various sadistic language courses and governmental integration programs. German government first admits Muslim immigrants into the country and then considers five or six million of them a problem that needs to be handled. Muslims experience blatant rejection of their religion and are virtually forced to hide their Islamic centers in unmarked buildings on the outskirts of the cities (Brenner), and the number of mosques in Germany is unbelievably small: Berlin, the great capital if this tolerant state hosts only four big mosques! Muslims are violently persecuted by anti-fundamentalist activists of German descent: for instance, peaceful Salafists, who were earlier seen on their noble mission of patrolling German cities’ neighborhoods, are constantly attacked by Germans.

U.S History 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S History 1 and 2 - Essay Example There have been rumblings, in the fields, amongst the other slaves about those willing to help us escape to free territory in the North. Everyday, I try to muster up enough courage to leave with others escaping through the swamps not far from here to hide as we head to the North. One day, about ten years later, in 1841, I along with a few other slaves leave in the dark of night as the owners and overseers, such as the ruthless one- eyed Williams. We made a mad dash for a wooded area just along the property farthest from the mansion. It took months of avoided all the people searching for us by hiding in the forests and swamps. We moved only in the night as not to be seen. Once I reached the North, I lived amongst the free black men and tried to reacquire my family through the slave trades, if possible. President Franklin Roosevelt, in 1942, issued Executive Order 9066 which called for all the immigrant residents from enemy nations during the war to be taken to internment camps for what was believed to be their own safety. The War Department along with other United States Departments backed this Executive Order. This was mainly to move the Japanese- Americans from their West Coast homes into the internment camps in the interior of the United States. Whether or not this was the United States best idea, is something that has been debated on for years. However in my opinion, I do not think that it was overly justified or even necessary to prevent the Japanese from gaining any further intelligence from the Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast. But, at the time, the United States Government thought it was completely necessary and justified. After, the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, in Honolulu, Hawaii, the United States declared war on the Japanese and decided to join forces with England and Russia in the fight against the Axis powers of Germany and Japan. But the

Facts of the Case Essay Example for Free

Facts of the Case Essay On May 1967, Carole D. , an international model and Gerald D. , a top executive in a French Oil company got married. They established a home where they lived as husband and wife. Two years later, Carole got involved in an adulterous affair with her neighbor Michael H. Subsequently, Carole gave birth to Victoria D. and in the birth certificate Gerald was named the father of the child. Immediately after the delivery of the child, Carole D. confided to Michael H. that she had strong reasons to believe that he was the real father. A group blood test was taken which only confirmed their suspicions that indeed Michael was the real father. In light of this discovery, Carole paid Michael a brief visit at his place, during which time, Michael held out the daughter as his very own. Not long after, Carole left Michael to live with another man and later returned to Gerald. After a series of failed attempts to see his daughter and having been rebuffed by Carol a few times, Michael filed a filiation action in California Superior Court to establish his paternity and right to visitation. The child Victoria, in a cross-complaint filed through an appointed attorney and guardian ad litem, asseverates that if she had more than one psychological or de facto father, she was entitled to maintain her filial relationship, with all of the attendant rights, duties, and obligations, with both. Issues of Law: The law at issue in the case at bar is the California statute holding that â€Å"a wife cohabiting with her husband, who is not impotent or sterile, is conclusively presumed to be parents of a child of the marriage†, unless such presumption is rebutted by competent blood-group test results declaring otherwise. Likewise, a motion for which must be filed in court not later than two years from the date of the child’s birth by the husband, or by the natural father after an affidavit recognizing paternity has been filed in the appropriate period allotted by law, [Cal. Evid. Code Ann. 621(a), (c), (d) (West Supp. 1989)]. Legal questions: Petitioner avers an abridgment of his rights to procedural and substantive due process of law insofar as he was barred from demonstrating his paternity through blood tests, and that the overriding social policy of protecting the integrity of the family unit, stemming from the husband and wife relationship, prevented him from exerting his natural rights as a father over his natural daughter. He argues that the protection of Gerald’s and Carol’s marital union is an insufficient state interest to deny him the right to continue filial relationships with Victoria. Tradition espoused in marital union must give way to his inalienable natural right as a father. The main issue is whether or not the relationship between Michael and Carol, as a family unit, has been recognized as valid in society, or that history has in any way accorded special protection to their extra-marital union. Cross-complainant, on the other hand, invokes the equal-protection clause in addition to her right to due process. She argues that by denying her full enjoyment of being with her natural father, the State does, in turn, discriminate against her status as an illegitimate child. Court Opinion and Holding: The decision of the California Superior court appealed from is affirmed. The State, its laws and the society in which they are ensconced largely favor the strength and solidarity of marital unions. Absent a clear showing that neither the husband nor the wife are incapable of conceiving and bearing a child, or that the husband had no access to his wife when the child was conceived, the presumption that the child born out of their marriage is theirs can not be refuted. Presumption of legitimacy in a valid marital union is a fundamental principle of common law. The rationale for applying the presumption lies at the fact that the heirs must be protected against allegations of illegitimacy when the rights of succession and inheritance are in question. It is also a means to prevent indiscriminate and spurious claims to the illegitimacy of the children of the family in order that the stability of state and family is preserved. Michael’s claims find no meaning in the extant pages of jurisprudence and history where a man was ever successful in asserting his paternity of a child with a woman as the wife of another man in the subsistence of a valid marriage. Thus, Michael’s contention is devoid of social merit and legal cognizance. Cross-complainant’s concern that she is discriminated against as an illegitimate child is likewise unmeritorious. For one, she is considered legitimate in the eyes of law and second, she possesses all the rights and obligations of a legitimate child. No discrimination whatsoever arises. Student Opinion: Dura lex sed lex. The law is harsh but is the law. In this case, the court understandably had to uphold social traditions and legal construct against the claims of natural rights of Michael simply because the technological means of proving paternal filiations are not that abjectly convincing. The court’s adamant refusal to at least grant Michael the right of a natural father, much less give him visitation rights bespeaks of its desire to maintain social order no matter the psychological and social ramifications it may bear on both Michael and Victoria. Yet science has progressed at such a gallop that was then science fiction is now science fact. DNA typing and other competent methods of accurately confirming a person’s legitimacy, may completely trump legal rhetoric argued in this case. Perhaps, in future test cases, in light of DNA technology, the court would be more willing to deviate from the norm in favor of fathers of children outside of a legally subsisting marriage. Hopefully, the presumption espoused in this case will no longer find application before concrete and hard scientific facts and the court would be more lenient to the Michael’s and Victoria’s of society.

Strategic Human Resource Management in Cadbury Schweppes

Strategic Human Resource Management in Cadbury Schweppes 1.1 Introduction The strategic management of an organizations human resource has been recognized as one of the keys to business success. This particular strategy generally involved the optimization of the employees potentials mainly through training and performance assessment. This organizational strategy has been integrated in several businesses mainly to improve profitability, establish stronger customer relations as well as achieve considerable business expansion. Strategic human resource management (SHRM) has indeed been applied to fulfill various important business goals and plans. Hence, major companies including Cadbury Schweppes, have been developing and applying various means on how to strategically manage one of their essential assets. Cadbury Schweppes is one of the major global players in the food manufacturing sector, specifically confectionery and beverage products. About two hundred countries worldwide are enjoying the companys world-renowned quality products and brands. The company has been able to expand successfully in different foreign countries mainly through its dedication to quality production as well as effective management and marketing practices. In order to progress further, the company still aims to continue on producing quality brands and products, meeting the needs of its shareholders and operating towards optimum performance. Cadbury Schweppes knows that its achievement to operate globally is attributable to its workforce. Thus, the company has been employing different strategies in order to strategically improve its human resources towards continuous global success. This study then analyzes how the company applies strategic human resource management it its operations. In particular, focus was centered on the assessment of the companys strategies for maximizing the potentials, assessing the performance and enhancing the skills of its workforce. This research was conducted mainly to determine the relation of Cadbury Schweppes global success to its SHRM practices. 1.2 The Research Background Strategic human resource management (SHRM) was actually derived from the conventional HR concepts. Due to the growing pressures in business, particularly in the need to become more competitive and innovative, organizations and human resource departments see it necessary to reconsider existing HR practices. The application of the new concept involves the modification of HR policies, provision of training programs, development of performance measurement systems as well as the promotion of the employees overall well-being. In turn, the changes in the HR practice then allowed companies to overcome some of the major hurdles in the business sector. Cadbury Schweppes is among the major companies operating in the world. Aside from multiple branches in several foreign countries, the product lines of the company as well as its market have continuously grown over the years. Along with its global growth and success, the company has constantly upgraded its SHRM efforts as well. The researcher then aims to determine how these HR strategies had contributed to the companys global achievement. Investigating on this HR topic can stress the connection between workforce and business efficiency. As effective employees have long been considered as essential to good business operations, identifying how the strategic management of human resource can contribute to greater success will then be of benefit to many other companies. The researcher then attempted to achieve this objective by using some of Cadbury Schweppes HR staff for information. Using a survey as the research instrument, the data obtained were then analyzed to develop the findings. 1.3 Research Value Considering the increasing competitiveness in the business sector, organizations are in need of maximizing its resources in order to operate successfully. One of these important resources is the organizational workforce. By means of determining the different approaches related to strategic human resource management, workforce issues encountered by other companies may be resolved. In addition, companies intending to operate of expand on the global level may achieve this goal by assessing and improving their human resource strategies. This research may also be of value to employees as this could encourage business companies in general to give due value to their workforce so as to achieve better business outcomes. This investigative study could also contribute to the human resource sector particularly by increasing awareness on SHRM and the new approaches other companies could apply. Clients or consumers may also benefit from this study as the increased awareness on SHRM approaches can likely enhance both production and service provision of other companies. 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives This study aims to determine the role of strategic human resource management in the achievement of Cadbury Schweppes global growth and success. Below are the specific objectives of this research study: To determine the role if strategic human resource management in shaping the development processes of Cadbury Schweppes To analyze the performance assessment, training and potential-maximizing strategies of the global company To identify and analyze the human resource strategies of the company that allowed it to operate globally To relate various human resource management theories to the identified strategies of the company 1.5 The Research Outline The entire study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, the objectives, research problems and its significance. In the second chapter, literatures and published documents pertaining to strategic human resource management and the strategies applied by Cadbury Schweppes are discussed. The research methodology used for this study is discussed in chapter three. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the description of the participants, sampling technique and the research instruments utilized in the process. In chapter 4, the results of the survey are presented. Literatures supporting the findings of the study are also integrated in the discussion section of the chapter. Finally, the fifth chapter summarizes the findings of the research; significant conclusions as well as appropriate recommendations are also included in the final chapter. Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 A Brief Historical Background of Cadbury Schweppes Cadbury Schweppes is actually a company established by a merger involving two of the greatest companies in UK. Jacob Schweppe was the one behind the perfection of the carbonated mineral water manufactured in Switzerland in 1783. On the other hand, John Cadbury established the now world-renowned chocolate manufacturing company in 1824. Over the years, both companies have operated successfully and became household brand names in the British region. It was not until 1969 when these two manufacturing giants decided to merge. Through organic program and acquisition, both companies were able to expand the business worldwide (Cadbury Schweppes 2006a). As two big companies joined into one, the new company developed and implemented several business strategies that led to its success. For instance, during the middle part of the 1980s, Cadbury Schweppes decided to center its attention on its international brand confectionery and beverages. Through this strategy, the company was able to strengthen its key brand names and even led to the purchase of some other major food brands such as Motts, Canada Dry, Trebor, Bassett, Dr. Pepper and Seven Up as well as Hawaiian Punch. The acquisition of other popular brands of the company continued up to the new millennium. In 2000 for example, Cadbury Schweppes acquired the Snapple and Hollywood and even took the second spot in the French soft drink sector when it acquired Orangina. In 2002, the company placed number two in chewing gum production by acquiring Dandy, a Danish chewing gum brand and became the number one company in confectionery at the global level. For $4.2 billion, the company also a nnounced its acquisition of yet another major brand called Adams (Cadbury Schweppes 2006a). 2.1.1 A Brief History and Importance of SHRM Strategic human resource management is considered as the extension of HRM. While HRM is focused on the theoretical concepts, SHRM is centered on how these theoretical foundations should be implemented. The concept of SHRM was actually brought about by the growing pressures of change. Organizations started to realize that changes in the conventional human resource activities must be carried out. This change would help much organization overcome new issues and challenges related to the human resource concept. In turn, human resource agencies and departments have been active in encouraging HR managers to develop means of applying strategy to the HR function (Niehaus 1995). This then gave rise to what is now called SHRM. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is a strategic approach that helps in managing employee relations. This HR concept emphasizes that leveraging peoples capabilities is critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. SHRM is actually applied by means of a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programs and practices. Considering the increasing competition in the working sector, it is important that the employees are equipped with the abilities so as to assist their organization in overcoming such challenge (Bratton Gold 2003). SHRM gives emphasis on the integration of learning and organization. This means that the conception of learning must be considered by the organization as a purposeful business process (Ruona Roth 2000). Walton (1999) noted that SHRM is made of the introduction, elimination, modification and directional procedures and responsibilities where all employees are armed with the knowledge, skills and competencies necessary for them to pe rform various organizational tasks effectively. Through SHRM processes, employees are able to learn how they can improve their skills and enrich their knowledge, which are very useful in their overall work output. The efficiency of the employees will naturally lead to greater productivity and higher levels of customer satisfaction as well as loyalty. The application of SHRM is also essential for the personal and professional development of the employees, which in turn makes them more confident and committed in their work. The ultimate outcome of SHRM is the attainment of a strong and sustainable competitive advantage out of the companys workforce. For companies, generating competitive advantages out of their workforces is an important key in becoming globally competitive (McWilliams, Van Fleet Wright 2001). Schuler, Dowling and De Cieri (1993) noted that in order to successfully compete in the global market, human resources must be deployed effectively. 2.1.2 A Brief History of Human Resource Strategy of Cadbury Schweppes plc and its impact on the company The human resource strategy of Cadbury Schweppes originated from the company main operation purpose which is to work together to produce brands that others would love. In particular, the company developed a goal related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to achieve this. This goal would direct the company to become socially responsible not only to their consumers but to the people working for it as well. As this goal covers the workforce sector, Cadbury Schweppes develops human resource strategies that are patterned CSR and ethical practices. In fact, one of the essential factors the company uses in its business operations is ethical behavior as well as the establishment of close relations with its stakeholders. The company generally believes that ethical business practices and respect for human rights are core foundation on how the company works and deals with people; the company also claims that good ethics works well with good business, resulting to long term succes s (The Times 100 2006). These core values then became the main influence for the companys human resource strategies. The HR strategies of the company are also influenced by the Quaker values which promote social reform, justice and equality. Thus, from the beginning of its operations, the company has always treated its employees with respect; the company also cares for the welfare of its staff. This explains why the company included sport facilities, parks and housing opportunities for its employees. It is also part of the companys human resource strategy to inculcate its ethical business culture to its employees by ensuring that all staff members understand the values and behavior the company expects from them; this has been achieved through the companys à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our Business Principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? statement. The good practice of Cadbury Schweppes was even recognized in 2003 by the Management Today magazine where it was voted as one of the most admirable companies for fulfilling it environmental and community responsibility. During the same year, the company also placed second for the Food and Drink sector in the Business in the Community per cent club index for doing its social responsibilities (The Times 100 2006). 2.2 Human Resource Strategies of Cadbury Schweppes Over the years, the company has implemented several means to manage its human resources strategically. These strategies include those that maximize potentials, train employees, manage HR risks and assess performance. 2.2.1 Maximizing Potentials One of the key personnel of Cadbury Schweppes is its managers. Thus, in order to optimize their skills, the company applied various strategic programs. One of which is its Building Strategic Capabilities (BSC) program that was developed in 1998. This program course was applied in order to maximize the potentials of the companys managers. The program is made up of three important elements. One is that the program course involved the study of real strategic issues rather than hypothetical cases; this made the course content more applicable to actual business problems the managers would encounter. Another important element of this program course was that the process of strategic decision-making is studied from goal-setting to performance-monitoring. This element of the program aims to enhance the managers strategic language, in order for them to be equipped with the necessary processes and standards for effective strategy implementation. Finally, this program is also made up of an eleme nt, which exposes managers to practical or hands-on training. This element is conducted by letting the program participants interact with the members of the top management. For the past five years since this potential-maximizing program has been implemented, Cadbury Schweppes BSC program is still used as the main approach for executive development (Morley Hepplewhite 2004). The company has continuously developed programs and strategies that would optimize the skills of its staff. For example, in 2005, Cadbury Schweppes pursued its People Strategy through its Building Commercial Capabilities program. This strategy is a group learning and development activity which is implemented to ensure that the full potential of all employees are realized. The program aims to develop the participants marketing and sales expertise as well as their commercial decision-making skills; this is done by studying the standard Cadbury Schweppes marketing and selling technique. A total of 1,000 managers have participated in this program (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). 2.2.2 Training Training is an important aspect of the companys SHRM strategy. Aside from ensuring that all employees have equal access to the companys training opportunities, Cadbury Schweppes also develops training programs that improve the competency of its workforce. For this year, the company developed Passion for People, a people management training program. This aims to teach the standard approach used for managing people; it is also the goal of this program to refresh such management approach among current employees (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). Bob Stack, Cadbury Schweppes Chief Human Resources Officer, also explained that this program is also conducted for the purpose of improving the drive performance skills of the managers. Furthermore, it is the objective of this training program to instill among employees the values and behavior that make up the companys culture (Cadbury Schweppes 2006c). The company does not only provide training opportunities to the new employees but also offer regular updates of the existing staff members. This strategy is also applicable in cases when one of its employees becomes disabled. When this happens, Cadbury Schweppes sees to it that an alternative job is offered. Moreover, re-training efforts are also provided to the employee if necessary (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). 2.2.3 Risk Management In order to support the SHRM strategies of Cadbury Schweppes, the company include appropriate HR policies particularly in the recruitment, selection and hiring of employees. Other common work issues are also covered by the companys HR regulations. Through these strategic policies, the company is able to maintain its standards and meet desired business outcomes. Patterned after its ethical business practices, the companys policies promote equal employment opportunities within its global businesses. Thus, Cadbury Schweppes is a company committed to selecting employees based on their abilities and potentials; it is part of the companys SHRM strategy to optimize the talents and experience the employees have and help them realize their other capabilities. The company believes that by shaping its HR policies with this ethical commitment, the business will not only employ people of talent but it will also help is establishing a good image in the communities where it operates (International Labor Organization 2002). In recruiting and selecting employees, it is Cadbury Schweppes aim to hire the best people for the position it offers and use methods that are free from bias and discrimination. For employee selection, the company ensures that necessary criteria including skills, knowledge, qualifications and experience of the applicants are clearly defined. Psychometric testing, assessment techniques ad other selection methods should also be non-discriminatory. It must be clearly described why the applicant was selected; for this, records for employee selection decisions are kept and stored. The advertisements of the company for the job positions it is offering should also be patterned after the equal employment aspect. In particular, the company must ensure that the advertisements present enough opportunities that most people can apply for. Moreover, these advertisements must reach even underrepresented communities and groups (International Labor Organization 2002). In order to improve its selectio n process, the company had also recently used an online system for its testing procedures. An electronic version of its psychometric tests has been installed so as to make this vital phase of selection faster and more efficient (Graduate Recruiter 2006). The risks involved in human resource management are also controlled by Cadbury Schweppes through relevant policies. For instance, the company follows a compensation structure which is not influenced by the employees color, race, ethnic origin, gender, marital status, religion, disability or age. The career development of the employees is also dependent solely on their merits and abilities. The access of the employees to training is also covered by the companys policies. Specifically, regardless of the employees race or origin, all employees of Cadbury Schweppes have equal access to training. Moreover, if certain employees are in need of educational or skill support, the company provides them with the necessary training; this would allow them to progress equally with other employees (International Labor Organization 2002). Fairness and equality are also part of the companys policies used for handling work issues, grievance matters and discipline. When such issues arise, the company ensures that the situations are assessed fairly and on the same basis as with similar cases. For bullying and harassment, the company also requires all its business units to develop clear guidelines that would help manage these human resource problems. These ensure that the employees are aware on how to report and address these matters. The development and use of these guidelines also help these issues from happening (International Labor Organization 2002). Aside from preventing HR-related risks through policies, the company also develops helpful programs that would promote the well-being of the employees. For example, the company conducts education programs for the employees health and nutrition; whole-family health management schemes are also implemented. In order to support these programs, the company also provides nutrition-oriented on-site cafeterias. Medical facilities are also made available in the company to meet the employees basic safety and health requirements. Aside from the employees physical well-being, their mental health is also cared for; this is done through the provision of counseling services. This aims to assist the employees in handling personal and work-related issues (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). 2.2.4 Performance Assessment The SHRM application of the company also involves the assessment or measurement of the performance of its employees. Specifically, the company uses a two-part performance measurement system. The line manager is the one in charge of assessing the individual performance of the employee every half and end of the year. Clearly developed performance objectives are used for the evaluation. The line manager presides a formal meeting with the employee to be assessed; during this time, the set objectives set at the beginning of the year is documented by the line manager and signed by the employee (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). The utilization of a performance measurement system at Cadbury Schweppes allowed the company to fulfill its goal of giving due value on its employees development, growth and performance management. Through this system, the company is able to recognize and reward the employees who have displayed exemplary performance and gave much contribution to the companys success. Having a designed system allowed the company to apply a consistent approach for appraising the employees performance, even for those working in other international offices. This approach is composed of tools that facilitate the employees career development and personal growth; Reward programs are also included. These programs generally help in motivating the employees to contribute more for attaining business success (Cadbury Schweppes 2006e). The managers of the company are also assessed using this system. Specifically, the company makes use behavioral factors that support its global leadership needs, which include accountability, adaptability, aggressiveness, forward-thinking capability, motivation, collaboration, teamwork and company values. A separate assessment process is also used by the company in order to evaluate other potentials of its managers; this enables the company to identify other roles its managers could perform. Due rewards are also provided to the individual based on the outcome of his or her performance appraisal (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). Aside from the individual performance of the employees and managers, the overall performance of the business in relation to the people it serves is also assessed. For this, Cadbury Schweppes uses the climate survey tool that has the ability to identify the relation between overall business performance and employee engagement. This tool was initially used for the companys 10,000 global managers in 2004 and then applied too all employees the following year (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). 2.3 Impact of the companys HR strategies The use of multiple strategies related to SHRM application has generally been beneficial for Cadbury Schweppes. The performance measurement system of the company for example, motivated the employees to work their best. This finding was further stressed when a study finding showed that almost 90% of the companys global employees are proud to be employed by Cadbury Schweppes. The survey conducted by the company also showed that the employees are highly committed and engaged to good work performance. The commitment of the employees represents the employees attachment to the company while engagement indicates the level of effort the employees are willing to give for the company; they key factors have been directly related to the surveys key areas. The findings clearly showed that Cadbury Schweppes succeeds globally through its employees engagement and commitment, which were brought about by its HR strategies. The outcome of the survey was further stressed by the employee turnover records of the company. As of 2003, the turnover rate was at low level of 2.5% at an annual basis; executive population has also dropped minimally from 180 to 165 in 2003 to 2004. The number of women working in the company on the other hand had increased from 11% in 2003 to 13% in 2004. Despite the promising outcome of the survey, the company sees it necessary to continuously improve the level of engagement employees have for good performance (Cadbury Schweppes 2006e). The performance appraisal system also made the employees more aware of what the company expects from them; this strategy also encouraged the employees to constantly seek ways on how their performance can be improved. The utilization of the performance system has also been helpful for the company as it becomes more knowledgeable with the operation areas that need improvements (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). In general, having a performance appraisal system in the companys SHRM strategy helped it to become proactive in maintaining its good business practices and in developing ways on how to be a better company. The training and programs of the company has also been showing positive outcomes. Its communication-related programs for example, have been able to enhance the employees communication and engagement level. These skill developments in turn, enabled the company to accomplish several collective bargaining agreements. The SHRM efforts of the company also encourage share ownership among the employees. Specifically, the HR strategy of Cadbury Schweppes made its all-employee share plan arrangements accessible to its employees in UK, US, Spain, New Zealand, Mexico, Portugal, Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France and Ireland. This achievement helped in bringing the companys global employees together (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). The use of ethical practices in the recruitment and selection of the companys employees has also been of benefit especially in ensuring the high standard performance of the staff. Improving the means of recruiting through information technology systems has also helped the company in short listing the best applicants. Since this development has improved the speed of the of the recruitment process, the company has more time to assess job-related exercises. The improved psychometric test allows Cadbury Schweppes to gain information that emphasize the candidates distinct abilities (Graduate Recruiter 2006). Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Strategic human resource management has been recognized by various companies as an important factor for achieving business success. Cadbury Schweppes is among those major companies who have long been applying various human resource strategies to achieve good business outcomes. This research was then conducted with aim of identifying the role of SHRM in the achievement of global success using the case of Cadbury Schweppes in UK. In order to achieve this research aim, the researcher used the descriptive method of research. A total of 30 respondents from the companys human resource department were selected in random. The survey questionnaire, structure in Likert-format, served as the main research instrument for this study. In addition to primary information, the researcher also used books, journals and other literatures as sources of secondary data. By means of weighted mean computation and the Likert scale, the results of the survey were then analyzed; relevant literatures were used t o discuss these results. 3.2 Data Requirement In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the researcher would need data that would describe the role of SHRM to the global growth and success of Cadbury Schweppes. For this, the researcher would have to contact people who are knowledgeable of the HR strategies developed and implemented by the company; people who are aware of how these strategies had impacted Cadbury Schweppes would also be helpful in answering the needs of this study. Thus, the researcher saw it appropriate to use some of the human resource staff from the company. Considering their participation and experience with these HR strategies, they would be able to provide the data required of this study. 3.3 Research Design In this research, the descriptive method was utilized. The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the cause or causes of a particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. This research method is advantageous for the researcher due to its flexibility; this method can use either qualitative or quantitative data or both, giving the researcher greater options in selecting the instrument for data-gathering. The aim of the research is to determine the role strategic human resource management in the global growth of Cadbury Schweppes; the descriptive method was then appropriate for this research since this method is used for gathering prevailing conditions. The research used human resource management employees as respondents from Cadbury Schweppes based in UK in order to gather relevant data; the descriptive method was then appropriate as this allowed the identification of the similarities and differences of the respondents answers. 3.3.1 Research Philosophy In order to carry out the research, the researcher ensured that a certain research philosophy framework is followed throughout the process. In particular, as this study will make use of human participants for data collection, ethical considerations were taken into account. This is in line with the researchers aim of carrying out the entire process ethically. Among the significant ethical issues that need attention include consent, confidentiality and data protection. Gaining Consent Securing permission and gaining the consent of the participants for this study is an important ethical consideration. In order to do so, the researcher relayed the aims of the research clearly to all participants. Each participant was asked to accomplish a consent form, stating in detail all the activities involved as well as the purpose of the study. The reasons why the human resource staff of the company was selected as participants were also stated so as to enable the selected participants to connect the aims of the research with that of the participant qualifications. In the consent form, the researcher also discussed in detail all the treatments or procedures to be done in the process. The possible risks that may be part of the research were also discussed with the participants in orde Strategic Human Resource Management in Cadbury Schweppes Strategic Human Resource Management in Cadbury Schweppes 1.1 Introduction The strategic management of an organizations human resource has been recognized as one of the keys to business success. This particular strategy generally involved the optimization of the employees potentials mainly through training and performance assessment. This organizational strategy has been integrated in several businesses mainly to improve profitability, establish stronger customer relations as well as achieve considerable business expansion. Strategic human resource management (SHRM) has indeed been applied to fulfill various important business goals and plans. Hence, major companies including Cadbury Schweppes, have been developing and applying various means on how to strategically manage one of their essential assets. Cadbury Schweppes is one of the major global players in the food manufacturing sector, specifically confectionery and beverage products. About two hundred countries worldwide are enjoying the companys world-renowned quality products and brands. The company has been able to expand successfully in different foreign countries mainly through its dedication to quality production as well as effective management and marketing practices. In order to progress further, the company still aims to continue on producing quality brands and products, meeting the needs of its shareholders and operating towards optimum performance. Cadbury Schweppes knows that its achievement to operate globally is attributable to its workforce. Thus, the company has been employing different strategies in order to strategically improve its human resources towards continuous global success. This study then analyzes how the company applies strategic human resource management it its operations. In particular, focus was centered on the assessment of the companys strategies for maximizing the potentials, assessing the performance and enhancing the skills of its workforce. This research was conducted mainly to determine the relation of Cadbury Schweppes global success to its SHRM practices. 1.2 The Research Background Strategic human resource management (SHRM) was actually derived from the conventional HR concepts. Due to the growing pressures in business, particularly in the need to become more competitive and innovative, organizations and human resource departments see it necessary to reconsider existing HR practices. The application of the new concept involves the modification of HR policies, provision of training programs, development of performance measurement systems as well as the promotion of the employees overall well-being. In turn, the changes in the HR practice then allowed companies to overcome some of the major hurdles in the business sector. Cadbury Schweppes is among the major companies operating in the world. Aside from multiple branches in several foreign countries, the product lines of the company as well as its market have continuously grown over the years. Along with its global growth and success, the company has constantly upgraded its SHRM efforts as well. The researcher then aims to determine how these HR strategies had contributed to the companys global achievement. Investigating on this HR topic can stress the connection between workforce and business efficiency. As effective employees have long been considered as essential to good business operations, identifying how the strategic management of human resource can contribute to greater success will then be of benefit to many other companies. The researcher then attempted to achieve this objective by using some of Cadbury Schweppes HR staff for information. Using a survey as the research instrument, the data obtained were then analyzed to develop the findings. 1.3 Research Value Considering the increasing competitiveness in the business sector, organizations are in need of maximizing its resources in order to operate successfully. One of these important resources is the organizational workforce. By means of determining the different approaches related to strategic human resource management, workforce issues encountered by other companies may be resolved. In addition, companies intending to operate of expand on the global level may achieve this goal by assessing and improving their human resource strategies. This research may also be of value to employees as this could encourage business companies in general to give due value to their workforce so as to achieve better business outcomes. This investigative study could also contribute to the human resource sector particularly by increasing awareness on SHRM and the new approaches other companies could apply. Clients or consumers may also benefit from this study as the increased awareness on SHRM approaches can likely enhance both production and service provision of other companies. 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives This study aims to determine the role of strategic human resource management in the achievement of Cadbury Schweppes global growth and success. Below are the specific objectives of this research study: To determine the role if strategic human resource management in shaping the development processes of Cadbury Schweppes To analyze the performance assessment, training and potential-maximizing strategies of the global company To identify and analyze the human resource strategies of the company that allowed it to operate globally To relate various human resource management theories to the identified strategies of the company 1.5 The Research Outline The entire study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, the objectives, research problems and its significance. In the second chapter, literatures and published documents pertaining to strategic human resource management and the strategies applied by Cadbury Schweppes are discussed. The research methodology used for this study is discussed in chapter three. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the description of the participants, sampling technique and the research instruments utilized in the process. In chapter 4, the results of the survey are presented. Literatures supporting the findings of the study are also integrated in the discussion section of the chapter. Finally, the fifth chapter summarizes the findings of the research; significant conclusions as well as appropriate recommendations are also included in the final chapter. Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 A Brief Historical Background of Cadbury Schweppes Cadbury Schweppes is actually a company established by a merger involving two of the greatest companies in UK. Jacob Schweppe was the one behind the perfection of the carbonated mineral water manufactured in Switzerland in 1783. On the other hand, John Cadbury established the now world-renowned chocolate manufacturing company in 1824. Over the years, both companies have operated successfully and became household brand names in the British region. It was not until 1969 when these two manufacturing giants decided to merge. Through organic program and acquisition, both companies were able to expand the business worldwide (Cadbury Schweppes 2006a). As two big companies joined into one, the new company developed and implemented several business strategies that led to its success. For instance, during the middle part of the 1980s, Cadbury Schweppes decided to center its attention on its international brand confectionery and beverages. Through this strategy, the company was able to strengthen its key brand names and even led to the purchase of some other major food brands such as Motts, Canada Dry, Trebor, Bassett, Dr. Pepper and Seven Up as well as Hawaiian Punch. The acquisition of other popular brands of the company continued up to the new millennium. In 2000 for example, Cadbury Schweppes acquired the Snapple and Hollywood and even took the second spot in the French soft drink sector when it acquired Orangina. In 2002, the company placed number two in chewing gum production by acquiring Dandy, a Danish chewing gum brand and became the number one company in confectionery at the global level. For $4.2 billion, the company also a nnounced its acquisition of yet another major brand called Adams (Cadbury Schweppes 2006a). 2.1.1 A Brief History and Importance of SHRM Strategic human resource management is considered as the extension of HRM. While HRM is focused on the theoretical concepts, SHRM is centered on how these theoretical foundations should be implemented. The concept of SHRM was actually brought about by the growing pressures of change. Organizations started to realize that changes in the conventional human resource activities must be carried out. This change would help much organization overcome new issues and challenges related to the human resource concept. In turn, human resource agencies and departments have been active in encouraging HR managers to develop means of applying strategy to the HR function (Niehaus 1995). This then gave rise to what is now called SHRM. Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is a strategic approach that helps in managing employee relations. This HR concept emphasizes that leveraging peoples capabilities is critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. SHRM is actually applied by means of a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programs and practices. Considering the increasing competition in the working sector, it is important that the employees are equipped with the abilities so as to assist their organization in overcoming such challenge (Bratton Gold 2003). SHRM gives emphasis on the integration of learning and organization. This means that the conception of learning must be considered by the organization as a purposeful business process (Ruona Roth 2000). Walton (1999) noted that SHRM is made of the introduction, elimination, modification and directional procedures and responsibilities where all employees are armed with the knowledge, skills and competencies necessary for them to pe rform various organizational tasks effectively. Through SHRM processes, employees are able to learn how they can improve their skills and enrich their knowledge, which are very useful in their overall work output. The efficiency of the employees will naturally lead to greater productivity and higher levels of customer satisfaction as well as loyalty. The application of SHRM is also essential for the personal and professional development of the employees, which in turn makes them more confident and committed in their work. The ultimate outcome of SHRM is the attainment of a strong and sustainable competitive advantage out of the companys workforce. For companies, generating competitive advantages out of their workforces is an important key in becoming globally competitive (McWilliams, Van Fleet Wright 2001). Schuler, Dowling and De Cieri (1993) noted that in order to successfully compete in the global market, human resources must be deployed effectively. 2.1.2 A Brief History of Human Resource Strategy of Cadbury Schweppes plc and its impact on the company The human resource strategy of Cadbury Schweppes originated from the company main operation purpose which is to work together to produce brands that others would love. In particular, the company developed a goal related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in order to achieve this. This goal would direct the company to become socially responsible not only to their consumers but to the people working for it as well. As this goal covers the workforce sector, Cadbury Schweppes develops human resource strategies that are patterned CSR and ethical practices. In fact, one of the essential factors the company uses in its business operations is ethical behavior as well as the establishment of close relations with its stakeholders. The company generally believes that ethical business practices and respect for human rights are core foundation on how the company works and deals with people; the company also claims that good ethics works well with good business, resulting to long term succes s (The Times 100 2006). These core values then became the main influence for the companys human resource strategies. The HR strategies of the company are also influenced by the Quaker values which promote social reform, justice and equality. Thus, from the beginning of its operations, the company has always treated its employees with respect; the company also cares for the welfare of its staff. This explains why the company included sport facilities, parks and housing opportunities for its employees. It is also part of the companys human resource strategy to inculcate its ethical business culture to its employees by ensuring that all staff members understand the values and behavior the company expects from them; this has been achieved through the companys à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our Business Principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? statement. The good practice of Cadbury Schweppes was even recognized in 2003 by the Management Today magazine where it was voted as one of the most admirable companies for fulfilling it environmental and community responsibility. During the same year, the company also placed second for the Food and Drink sector in the Business in the Community per cent club index for doing its social responsibilities (The Times 100 2006). 2.2 Human Resource Strategies of Cadbury Schweppes Over the years, the company has implemented several means to manage its human resources strategically. These strategies include those that maximize potentials, train employees, manage HR risks and assess performance. 2.2.1 Maximizing Potentials One of the key personnel of Cadbury Schweppes is its managers. Thus, in order to optimize their skills, the company applied various strategic programs. One of which is its Building Strategic Capabilities (BSC) program that was developed in 1998. This program course was applied in order to maximize the potentials of the companys managers. The program is made up of three important elements. One is that the program course involved the study of real strategic issues rather than hypothetical cases; this made the course content more applicable to actual business problems the managers would encounter. Another important element of this program course was that the process of strategic decision-making is studied from goal-setting to performance-monitoring. This element of the program aims to enhance the managers strategic language, in order for them to be equipped with the necessary processes and standards for effective strategy implementation. Finally, this program is also made up of an eleme nt, which exposes managers to practical or hands-on training. This element is conducted by letting the program participants interact with the members of the top management. For the past five years since this potential-maximizing program has been implemented, Cadbury Schweppes BSC program is still used as the main approach for executive development (Morley Hepplewhite 2004). The company has continuously developed programs and strategies that would optimize the skills of its staff. For example, in 2005, Cadbury Schweppes pursued its People Strategy through its Building Commercial Capabilities program. This strategy is a group learning and development activity which is implemented to ensure that the full potential of all employees are realized. The program aims to develop the participants marketing and sales expertise as well as their commercial decision-making skills; this is done by studying the standard Cadbury Schweppes marketing and selling technique. A total of 1,000 managers have participated in this program (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). 2.2.2 Training Training is an important aspect of the companys SHRM strategy. Aside from ensuring that all employees have equal access to the companys training opportunities, Cadbury Schweppes also develops training programs that improve the competency of its workforce. For this year, the company developed Passion for People, a people management training program. This aims to teach the standard approach used for managing people; it is also the goal of this program to refresh such management approach among current employees (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). Bob Stack, Cadbury Schweppes Chief Human Resources Officer, also explained that this program is also conducted for the purpose of improving the drive performance skills of the managers. Furthermore, it is the objective of this training program to instill among employees the values and behavior that make up the companys culture (Cadbury Schweppes 2006c). The company does not only provide training opportunities to the new employees but also offer regular updates of the existing staff members. This strategy is also applicable in cases when one of its employees becomes disabled. When this happens, Cadbury Schweppes sees to it that an alternative job is offered. Moreover, re-training efforts are also provided to the employee if necessary (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). 2.2.3 Risk Management In order to support the SHRM strategies of Cadbury Schweppes, the company include appropriate HR policies particularly in the recruitment, selection and hiring of employees. Other common work issues are also covered by the companys HR regulations. Through these strategic policies, the company is able to maintain its standards and meet desired business outcomes. Patterned after its ethical business practices, the companys policies promote equal employment opportunities within its global businesses. Thus, Cadbury Schweppes is a company committed to selecting employees based on their abilities and potentials; it is part of the companys SHRM strategy to optimize the talents and experience the employees have and help them realize their other capabilities. The company believes that by shaping its HR policies with this ethical commitment, the business will not only employ people of talent but it will also help is establishing a good image in the communities where it operates (International Labor Organization 2002). In recruiting and selecting employees, it is Cadbury Schweppes aim to hire the best people for the position it offers and use methods that are free from bias and discrimination. For employee selection, the company ensures that necessary criteria including skills, knowledge, qualifications and experience of the applicants are clearly defined. Psychometric testing, assessment techniques ad other selection methods should also be non-discriminatory. It must be clearly described why the applicant was selected; for this, records for employee selection decisions are kept and stored. The advertisements of the company for the job positions it is offering should also be patterned after the equal employment aspect. In particular, the company must ensure that the advertisements present enough opportunities that most people can apply for. Moreover, these advertisements must reach even underrepresented communities and groups (International Labor Organization 2002). In order to improve its selectio n process, the company had also recently used an online system for its testing procedures. An electronic version of its psychometric tests has been installed so as to make this vital phase of selection faster and more efficient (Graduate Recruiter 2006). The risks involved in human resource management are also controlled by Cadbury Schweppes through relevant policies. For instance, the company follows a compensation structure which is not influenced by the employees color, race, ethnic origin, gender, marital status, religion, disability or age. The career development of the employees is also dependent solely on their merits and abilities. The access of the employees to training is also covered by the companys policies. Specifically, regardless of the employees race or origin, all employees of Cadbury Schweppes have equal access to training. Moreover, if certain employees are in need of educational or skill support, the company provides them with the necessary training; this would allow them to progress equally with other employees (International Labor Organization 2002). Fairness and equality are also part of the companys policies used for handling work issues, grievance matters and discipline. When such issues arise, the company ensures that the situations are assessed fairly and on the same basis as with similar cases. For bullying and harassment, the company also requires all its business units to develop clear guidelines that would help manage these human resource problems. These ensure that the employees are aware on how to report and address these matters. The development and use of these guidelines also help these issues from happening (International Labor Organization 2002). Aside from preventing HR-related risks through policies, the company also develops helpful programs that would promote the well-being of the employees. For example, the company conducts education programs for the employees health and nutrition; whole-family health management schemes are also implemented. In order to support these programs, the company also provides nutrition-oriented on-site cafeterias. Medical facilities are also made available in the company to meet the employees basic safety and health requirements. Aside from the employees physical well-being, their mental health is also cared for; this is done through the provision of counseling services. This aims to assist the employees in handling personal and work-related issues (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). 2.2.4 Performance Assessment The SHRM application of the company also involves the assessment or measurement of the performance of its employees. Specifically, the company uses a two-part performance measurement system. The line manager is the one in charge of assessing the individual performance of the employee every half and end of the year. Clearly developed performance objectives are used for the evaluation. The line manager presides a formal meeting with the employee to be assessed; during this time, the set objectives set at the beginning of the year is documented by the line manager and signed by the employee (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). The utilization of a performance measurement system at Cadbury Schweppes allowed the company to fulfill its goal of giving due value on its employees development, growth and performance management. Through this system, the company is able to recognize and reward the employees who have displayed exemplary performance and gave much contribution to the companys success. Having a designed system allowed the company to apply a consistent approach for appraising the employees performance, even for those working in other international offices. This approach is composed of tools that facilitate the employees career development and personal growth; Reward programs are also included. These programs generally help in motivating the employees to contribute more for attaining business success (Cadbury Schweppes 2006e). The managers of the company are also assessed using this system. Specifically, the company makes use behavioral factors that support its global leadership needs, which include accountability, adaptability, aggressiveness, forward-thinking capability, motivation, collaboration, teamwork and company values. A separate assessment process is also used by the company in order to evaluate other potentials of its managers; this enables the company to identify other roles its managers could perform. Due rewards are also provided to the individual based on the outcome of his or her performance appraisal (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). Aside from the individual performance of the employees and managers, the overall performance of the business in relation to the people it serves is also assessed. For this, Cadbury Schweppes uses the climate survey tool that has the ability to identify the relation between overall business performance and employee engagement. This tool was initially used for the companys 10,000 global managers in 2004 and then applied too all employees the following year (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). 2.3 Impact of the companys HR strategies The use of multiple strategies related to SHRM application has generally been beneficial for Cadbury Schweppes. The performance measurement system of the company for example, motivated the employees to work their best. This finding was further stressed when a study finding showed that almost 90% of the companys global employees are proud to be employed by Cadbury Schweppes. The survey conducted by the company also showed that the employees are highly committed and engaged to good work performance. The commitment of the employees represents the employees attachment to the company while engagement indicates the level of effort the employees are willing to give for the company; they key factors have been directly related to the surveys key areas. The findings clearly showed that Cadbury Schweppes succeeds globally through its employees engagement and commitment, which were brought about by its HR strategies. The outcome of the survey was further stressed by the employee turnover records of the company. As of 2003, the turnover rate was at low level of 2.5% at an annual basis; executive population has also dropped minimally from 180 to 165 in 2003 to 2004. The number of women working in the company on the other hand had increased from 11% in 2003 to 13% in 2004. Despite the promising outcome of the survey, the company sees it necessary to continuously improve the level of engagement employees have for good performance (Cadbury Schweppes 2006e). The performance appraisal system also made the employees more aware of what the company expects from them; this strategy also encouraged the employees to constantly seek ways on how their performance can be improved. The utilization of the performance system has also been helpful for the company as it becomes more knowledgeable with the operation areas that need improvements (Cadbury Schweppes 2006d). In general, having a performance appraisal system in the companys SHRM strategy helped it to become proactive in maintaining its good business practices and in developing ways on how to be a better company. The training and programs of the company has also been showing positive outcomes. Its communication-related programs for example, have been able to enhance the employees communication and engagement level. These skill developments in turn, enabled the company to accomplish several collective bargaining agreements. The SHRM efforts of the company also encourage share ownership among the employees. Specifically, the HR strategy of Cadbury Schweppes made its all-employee share plan arrangements accessible to its employees in UK, US, Spain, New Zealand, Mexico, Portugal, Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France and Ireland. This achievement helped in bringing the companys global employees together (Cadbury Schweppes 2006b). The use of ethical practices in the recruitment and selection of the companys employees has also been of benefit especially in ensuring the high standard performance of the staff. Improving the means of recruiting through information technology systems has also helped the company in short listing the best applicants. Since this development has improved the speed of the of the recruitment process, the company has more time to assess job-related exercises. The improved psychometric test allows Cadbury Schweppes to gain information that emphasize the candidates distinct abilities (Graduate Recruiter 2006). Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Strategic human resource management has been recognized by various companies as an important factor for achieving business success. Cadbury Schweppes is among those major companies who have long been applying various human resource strategies to achieve good business outcomes. This research was then conducted with aim of identifying the role of SHRM in the achievement of global success using the case of Cadbury Schweppes in UK. In order to achieve this research aim, the researcher used the descriptive method of research. A total of 30 respondents from the companys human resource department were selected in random. The survey questionnaire, structure in Likert-format, served as the main research instrument for this study. In addition to primary information, the researcher also used books, journals and other literatures as sources of secondary data. By means of weighted mean computation and the Likert scale, the results of the survey were then analyzed; relevant literatures were used t o discuss these results. 3.2 Data Requirement In order to achieve the objectives of this research, the researcher would need data that would describe the role of SHRM to the global growth and success of Cadbury Schweppes. For this, the researcher would have to contact people who are knowledgeable of the HR strategies developed and implemented by the company; people who are aware of how these strategies had impacted Cadbury Schweppes would also be helpful in answering the needs of this study. Thus, the researcher saw it appropriate to use some of the human resource staff from the company. Considering their participation and experience with these HR strategies, they would be able to provide the data required of this study. 3.3 Research Design In this research, the descriptive method was utilized. The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the cause or causes of a particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. This research method is advantageous for the researcher due to its flexibility; this method can use either qualitative or quantitative data or both, giving the researcher greater options in selecting the instrument for data-gathering. The aim of the research is to determine the role strategic human resource management in the global growth of Cadbury Schweppes; the descriptive method was then appropriate for this research since this method is used for gathering prevailing conditions. The research used human resource management employees as respondents from Cadbury Schweppes based in UK in order to gather relevant data; the descriptive method was then appropriate as this allowed the identification of the similarities and differences of the respondents answers. 3.3.1 Research Philosophy In order to carry out the research, the researcher ensured that a certain research philosophy framework is followed throughout the process. In particular, as this study will make use of human participants for data collection, ethical considerations were taken into account. This is in line with the researchers aim of carrying out the entire process ethically. Among the significant ethical issues that need attention include consent, confidentiality and data protection. Gaining Consent Securing permission and gaining the consent of the participants for this study is an important ethical consideration. In order to do so, the researcher relayed the aims of the research clearly to all participants. Each participant was asked to accomplish a consent form, stating in detail all the activities involved as well as the purpose of the study. The reasons why the human resource staff of the company was selected as participants were also stated so as to enable the selected participants to connect the aims of the research with that of the participant qualifications. In the consent form, the researcher also discussed in detail all the treatments or procedures to be done in the process. The possible risks that may be part of the research were also discussed with the participants in orde